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Stressing the Cardiopulmonary Vascular System: The Role of Echocardiography |
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| Authors: | Lawrence G. Rudski,Luna Gargani,William F. Armstrong,Patrizio Lancellotti,Steven J. Lester,Ekkehard Grünig,Michele D&#x Alto,Meriam ?str?m Aneq,Francesco Ferrara,Rajeev Saggar,Rajan Saggar,Robert Naeije,Eugenio Picano,Nelson B. Schiller,Eduardo Bossone |
| Affiliation: | 1. Azrieli Heart Center and Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada;2. Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy;3. Department of Cardiology, Second University of Naples–Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy;4. Heart Department, University Hospital, Salerno, Italy;5. Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan;6. Department of Cardiology, University of Liège Hospital, GIGA-Cardiovascular Sciences, Liège, Belgium;g. Free University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium;h. Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona;i. Lung Institute, Banner University Medical Center–Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona;j. Centre for Pulmonary Hypertension, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany;k. Department of Clinical Physiology, Institution of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden;l. Lung & Heart-Lung Transplant and Pulmonary Hypertension Programs, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California;m. Cardiovascular Research Institute, Health eHeart Study, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California |
| Abstract: | |
| Keywords: | Stress echocardiography Cardiopulmonary vascular system Pulmonary hypertension Right heart Pulmonary circulation 2D Two-dimensional 3D Three-dimensional AS Aortic stenosis CAD Coronary artery disease CHD Congenital heart disease CO Cardiac output Ea Arterial elastance EDE Exercise Doppler echocardiography Ees End-systolic elastance EVLW Extravascular lung water FAC Fractional area change HF Heart failure LA Left atrial LAP Left atrial pressure LV Left ventricular mPAP Mean pulmonary artery pressure MR Mitral regurgitation MS Mitral stenosis NYHA New York Heart Association PAH Pulmonary arterial hypertension PH Pulmonary hypertension PVR Pulmonary vascular resistance RA Right atrial RHC Right heart catheterization RV Right ventricular Right ventricular outflow tract time-velocity integral RVSP Right ventricular systolic pressure sPAP Systolic pulmonary artery pressure SSc Systemic sclerosis SV Stroke volume TAPSE Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion TRV Tricuspid regurgitation velocity VHD Valvular heart disease Oxygen uptake |
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