410例急性肾衰竭患者临床发病情况分析

目的 探讨综合性医院住院患者急性肾衰竭（ARF）的发病率、病死率、科室分布和预后,为临床早期防治ARF提供理论依据.方法 收集近5年我院各科室住院ARF患者410例,回顾性分析ARF的发病率、病因分布、临床发病特点及其转归.结果 410例患者中,男性275例,女性135例.平均年龄（48.15±18.33）岁,发病率为0.17%,自动出院率为13.4%.≥61岁的患者123例（30.00%）,病死率最高（13.82%）.农村患者249例,占60.73%,夏季发病者占40.73%,自动出院占13.4%,总病死率为9.02%.结论 ARF以中壮年男性多发,肾内科及泌尿外科发病率高.肾实质性疾病及肾后性疾病是ARF的主要病因,泌尿系结石发病率明显高于国内报道,患者多来源于农村,急性肾衰竭发病人数动态变化相对平稳.

Investigation of acute renal failure in hospitalized patients

Objective To investigate the morbidity, mortality, distribution and prognosis and to provide clincial evidence for treating acute renal failure （ARF）. Methods 410 patients with ARF who was admitted to our department in the past 5 years in the First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University were retrospectively investigated. The clinical characteristics, prognosis, treatments, severity of kidney injury and the causes of ARF were analyzed. Results 275 males and 135 females were in 410 cases,the average age was 48.15 ± 18.33 years old,the morbidity rate 0.17% and the against-advice discharge rate 13. 4%. 249 patients were from countryside,accounting for 60.73%. 123 patients were older than 61 years old with, highest mortality rate. The countryside patient 249, accounting for 60.73 %. Summer was taken bad accounted for 40.73 percent of cases happened in summer which had 13.4% of against-advice discharg and 9.02% of mortality. Conclusion The most cases of ARF happened in middle-age manual workers which were mostly in Department of Nephrology and Urology. Renal and post-renal disease were the main causes of ARF. The morbidity rate of urinary tract stones was higher than the reported obviously. Most of patients were from the countryside. The dynamic change of ARF morbidity was relatively steady.