早期新生儿肾盂分离的相关因素研究

目的：探讨早期新生儿肾盂分离与胎龄、出生体重、性别的关系，为临床诊断提供参考。方法：对320例生后2~7 d的新生儿进行泌尿系超声检查，其中男180例，女140例，胎龄28～42周，平均36±3周，体重900～4870 g，平均2430±1000 g。对胎龄、出生体重与肾盂前后径（APD）进行相关性分析，对不同出生体重、胎龄及不同性别的各组间进行肾盂分离发生率的比较。结果：320例新生儿中，发生肾盂分离者100例，其中男性70例，女性30例，男女肾盂分离发生率差异有统计学意义（37.8% vs 22.2%；P0.05）。不同胎龄新生儿肾盂分离发生率差异无统计学意义（P>0.05），但APD与胎龄呈正相关（P<0.05）。除巨大儿外，肾盂分离发生率随出生体重增加而降低，APD与出生体重呈正相关（P<0.05）。结论：早期新生儿肾盂分离发生率与出生体重和性别有密切关系；APD与胎龄及出生体重呈正相关；肾盂分离多为左侧或双侧分离，单纯右侧分离较少见。

Investigation on factors related to pyelic separation in early newborns

Objective To explore the relationship of pyelic separation with gestational age,body weight and sex in early newborns.Methods A total of 320 neonates were examined by renal ultrasound 2-7 days after birth.The neonates included 180 boys and 140 girls,with a mean gestational age of 36±3 weeks(28-42 weeks) and a mean birth weight of 2430±1000 g(900-4870 g).Correlation analysis was performed between renal pelvis anteroposterior diameter(APD) and gestational age/body weight.The newborns were grouped based on gestational age,body weight and sex and the incidence of pyelic separation was compared among the groups.Results Pyelic separation was found in 100 of the 320 newborns.The incidence of pyelic separation in boys(37.8%,70 cases) was significantly higher than in girls(22.2%,30 cases)(P<0.05).The incidence rates of pyelic separation on the left side,right side and both sides were 59%,13% and 29% respectively in boys,and 53%,7% and 40% respectively in girls.There was no significant difference in the location of renal pelvis separation between boys and girls(P>0.05).There significant difference in the incidence of pyelic separation between different gestational age groups(P>0.05).APD was positively correlated with gestational age and birth weight(P<0.05).The incidence of pyelic separation was negatively correlated with birth weight in all newborns except those who were macrosomic(P<0.05).Conclusions The incidence of pyelic separation in early newborns is closely associated with birth weight and sex.APD is positively correlated to gestational age and birth weight.Pyelic separation often occurs more frequently on the left side or both sides than on the right side.