面孔倒置效应和诱导效应的行为学研究

目的 比较被试对相同刺激在不同诱导条件下认知差异,探讨倒置效应和结构变化在面孔识别中的意义.方法 采用诱导启动范式,以16名正常大学在校男生为研究对象,给予其简化面孔和字母组合的相同视觉刺激,比较被试在不同认知条件下反应的准确率和反应时间的差异.结果 被试在加工面孔组比较刺激时受到倒置的影响而准确率显著降低(79.03±10.53)%,(89.43±9.98)%,P<0.01];在加工面孔组的诱导刺激和比较刺激时均受到倒置的影响而使反应时间显著延长(3720.40±607.71)ms.(2998.33±544.02)ms,(3521.80±1038.20)ms,(2750.87±867.13)ms,P<0.01],而倒置对字母组的两种刺激的反应时间无显著影响(P>0.05);反应时和准确率的相关均未达显著性水平(P>0.05).结论 激活诱导效应对认知加工具有重要影响,在面孔认知的结构编码之前有一个认知启动的阶段.结构变化时倒置效应在字母诱导组的缺失和在面孔诱导组的显现,印证了结构变化和倒置效应对于面孔加工的草要意义,且该效应不能用认知难度的变化来解释.

Abstract：

Objective To compare the cognitive difference of subjects'responses to the same visual stimuli under two different priming conditions,and to discuss the influence of inversion effect and configural changes upon facial recognition.Methods Priming pattern was employed,and subjects were induced to recognize the same stimuli as schematic faces or three English letters under different priming conditions.The participants'accuracy and reaction times were compared in two priming conditions. Results Participants'accuracy of the comparison stimuli in facial priming condition decreased significantly by inversion effect((79.03±10.53)%vs(89.43±9.98)%,P<0.01);reaction times of priming stimuli and comparison stimuli were delayed by inversion effect significantly((3720.40±607.71)ms vs(2998.33±544.02)ms,(3521.80±1038.20)ms vs(2750.87±867.13)ms,P<0.01),and there was no influence of inversion effect upon the reaction times of English letter stimuli(P>0.05).Correlations of accuracy to reaction times reached no significant difference under two conditions.Conclusion Priming effect make sense in the cognition,and there was a priming stage before the facial configuration.Inversion effect shows up in the face priming condition,and vanish in the English letter priming condition,which demonstrate the importance of configuration and inversion effect in the facial cognition.What's more,such effect can't be explained by the changes of cognitive difficulty.

Behavioral study of facial inversion effect and priming effect

Objective To compare the cognitive difference of subjects'responses to the same visual stimuli under two different priming conditions,and to discuss the influence of inversion effect and configural changes upon facial recognition.Methods Priming pattern was employed,and subjects were induced to recognize the same stimuli as schematic faces or three English letters under different priming conditions.The participants'accuracy and reaction times were compared in two priming conditions. Results Participants'accuracy of the comparison stimuli in facial priming condition decreased significantly by inversion effect((79.03±10.53)%vs(89.43±9.98)%,P<0.01);reaction times of priming stimuli and comparison stimuli were delayed by inversion effect significantly((3720.40±607.71)ms vs(2998.33±544.02)ms,(3521.80±1038.20)ms vs(2750.87±867.13)ms,P<0.01),and there was no influence of inversion effect upon the reaction times of English letter stimuli(P>0.05).Correlations of accuracy to reaction times reached no significant difference under two conditions.Conclusion Priming effect make sense in the cognition,and there was a priming stage before the facial configuration.Inversion effect shows up in the face priming condition,and vanish in the English letter priming condition,which demonstrate the importance of configuration and inversion effect in the facial cognition.What's more,such effect can't be explained by the changes of cognitive difficulty.