重症肌无力胸腺切除术后硬膜外自控镇痛的临床观察

目的：观察重症肌无力胸腺切除术后以硬膜外低浓度局麻药（罗哌卡因和布比卡因）对病人自控镇痛（PCEA）的临床效果。方法；选择择期行胸骨切开胸腺切除术的重症肌无力患者20例，ASA I－Ⅱ级，依术后镇痛所用局麻药不同。分R组（0．125％罗哌卡因组）和B组（0．125％布比卡因组），每组10例，静脉注射芬太尼0．1mg，异丙酚2mg/kg.b.w.,琥珀酰胆碱1．5mg/kg.b.w.全麻诱导下气管内插管，常规间歇正压通气，术中吸入异氟醚和氧化亚氮，硬膜外（T3－4间隙）间断注入1％利多卡因维持麻醉，术毕清醒后，呼吸循环稳定时拔除气管导管，术后用雅培泵以0．125％罗哌卡因或布比卡因行PCEA（持续量1ml/h，追加量每次4ml，锁定时间30min)，监测收缩压（BSP），舒张压（DBP），心率（HR），呼吸频率（RR），脉搏氧饱和度（SpO2)和动脉血气，并记录PCEA累计局麻药用量（CC）和视觉模拟评分（VAS），结果：全麻诱导前，术毕和术后2，4，8，12，24，48h，两组SBP，DBP，HR，RR，SpO2均无显著差异（P＞0．05），诱导前，术毕和术后12，24，48h，两组pH和PaCO2(CO2分压）无显著差异（P＞0．05），术后2，4，8，12，h两组CC和VAS无明显差异（P＞0．05），术后24，48h,R组CC高于B组（P＜0．05），但VAS无明显差异（P＞0．05），镇痛全程两组的VAS均低于4。结论：重症肌无力胸腺工除术后应用硬膜外低浓度局麻药（0．125％罗哌卡因或布比卡因）行PCEA，镇痛效果好且安全，可作为此类虱术后可供选择的较理想的镇痛方法。

Effect of patient-controlled epidural analgesia for pain relief after thymectomy in patients with myasthenia gravis.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) with ropivacaine or bupivacaine in relieving pain after thymectomy in patients with myasthenia gravis. METHODS: Twenty adult ASA I-II patients with myasthenia gravis were randomized to receive either 0.125% ropivacaine (Group R, n=10) or 0.125% bupivacaine (Group B, n=10) with a PCEA device after transsternal thymectomy. PCEA (continuous infusion at 1 ml/h, bolus dose of 4 ml and lockout time of 30 min) was implemented via an epidural catheter inserted in the T3-4 intervertebral space. The vital signs and visual analogue scale (VAS), together with cumulative consumption (CC) of ropivacaine or bupivacaine were recorded within 48 h postoperatively. RESULTS: The vital signs, including systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, SpO2, pH and PaCO2, did not show any significant differences between the 2 groups. The CC of the local anesthetic was significantly higher in group R than that in group B at 24 and 48 h postoperatively, but VAS were not significantly different between the 2 groups which was less than 4 in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: PCEA with low concentration of ropivacaine or bupivacaine may provide effective and safe analgesia after transsternal thymectomy.