广州市初中女生月经状况及保健知识调查分析

目的了解广州市初中女生的月经及保健知识状况，为更好地开展社区青春期保健工作提供依据。方法采用整群抽样方法抽取华附新世纪学校784名在校女生进行了青春期月经状况及保健知识的调查分析。结果在784名女生中，已有月经来潮746人（95．15％），初潮年龄9～14岁，主要为11～12岁。经期不适中痛经发生率最高（61．53％），其次为烦躁易怒、腰酸、乏力等。高年级月经来潮的心理状态表现为正性情绪比率、月经期的保健知识了解率均高于低年级（x2值分别为100．257、183．628，均P〈0．001）。女生获得保健知识的主要途径来自母亲（43．91％）、同学／朋友（27．26％）和学校（20．56％）。在经期不适及应对方法中，女生采取的方法主要为自我调节（29．15％）和找家人倾诉（24．57％）。结论应采用学校、家庭及社会相结合方式加强青春期保健知识宣教，加强低年级女生青春期保健，这对提高女性生殖健康至关重要。

Investigation and analysis of menstrual status and health care knowledge of junior middle school girls in Guangzhou City

Objective To understand the menstrual status and health care knowledge of junior middle school girls in Guangzhou City so as to provide basis for adolescent health care community work. Methods Totally 784 school girls in China Attached New Century School were selected with cluster sampling method. Results Among 784 school girls, 746 girls had menstruation （95.15%）. Their menarche occurred at the age of 9-14 years old, mostly at the age of 11-12 years. The highest incidence of menstrual discomfort was dysmenorrheal （61.53 % ） , followed by irritability, soreness of waist and lacking in strength. The rate of positive emotion and health care knowledge on menstruation in senior grade were significantly higher and more than junior grade （X2 value was 100. 257 and 183. 628, respectively, both P 〈0. 001 ）. The main sources of health care knowledge were mother （43.91%） , classmates/friends （27.26%） and school （20.56%）. The main ways of coping with menstrual discomfort were self-adjusting （29. 15% ） and talking with family members （24. 57% ）. Conclusion Adolescent health care knowledge should be strengthened by combining school, family and society. Enhancing adolescent heahh care for junior grade is important for improving women ＇ s reproductive health.