Long-term effects of early kwashiorkor compared with marasmus. I. Physical growth and sexual maturation

Physical growth and sexual maturation were measured in a follow-up study of Barbadian girls and boys aged 11-18 years with histories of kwashiorkor (n = 54) or marasmus (n = 56) in their first year of life. They were compared with healthy neighborhood children matched by sex and age who had normal patterns of growth in early childhood (n = 59). Girls with histories of marasmus had significant delays in the onset of menarche compared with healthy comparison girls. However, their rate of growth during the previous 2 years was accelerated, and the differences in size were smaller than at the earlier testing, confirming catch-up. This pattern was not evident for girls with histories of kwashiorkor, who did not differ from the healthy comparison girls on either onset of menarche, Tanner ratings of sexual maturation, or measures of physical growth. In contrast, boys with histories of kwashiorkor or marasmus did not differ from healthy comparison boys in physical growth or Tanner ratings at these ages.