新疆图木舒克市出生缺陷患儿父母人群特征

目的了解目前新疆地区出生缺陷患儿父母人群特征及探索其潜在影响因素情况,为新疆地区出生缺陷的进一步调查和防治提供决策依据。方法采用出生监测数据,从2007—2016年10年监测的出生缺陷患儿中采用简单随机抽样方法抽取250例患儿,对其家长进行现场问卷调查。结合民族地区特征,按照一般情况、母亲情况、父亲情况分三组变量进行调查。结果 175例出生缺陷疾病儿童,其中男性105人,占60.0%,女性70人,占40.0%。平均年龄为(4.8±2.5)岁,其中6岁及以下占54.9%,7～10岁占45.1%。有20人患儿父母有血缘关系,占11.4%。大部分患儿父母为维吾尔族(父:86.3%,母:86.9%)、初中及以下文化程度(父:92.6%,母:94.9%)、职业为农民(父:87.4%,母:88.6%)。大多数患儿父母没有接受过婚育指导(母:79.4%)和婚育前体检(父:85.7%,母:81.1%),大多数患儿母亲孕早期没有叶酸增补(母:94.3%)。结论影响新疆出生缺陷发生的可能高危因素为父母为维吾尔族、低文化程度、农民、未接受婚育指导和婚育前体检,出生缺陷家族史,母亲孕早期没有补充叶酸等。

Characteristics of parents with children of birth defects in Tumushuke,Xinjiang

Objective To understand the characteristics of children with birth defects and their parents in Xinjiang and explore the potential influencing factors, so as to provide decision-making basis for further investigation and preventionon birth defects in Xinjiang. Methods A simple random sampling method was used to select 250 children with birth defects from monitoring data between 2007 and 2016, and a field questionnaire was conducted for their parents. Combined with the characteristics of ethnic regions, the variables of the survey were divided into three groups according to general situation, mother's situation and father′s situation. Results 105 children among 175 children with birth defects were male, accounting for 60.0%; 70 were female, acounting for 40.0%. The average age of children was 4.8±2.5 years, among which 54.9% were aged 6 years or below, and 45.1% were aged 7-10 years.The parents of 20 children had blood relationships, accounting for 11.4%. Most of the parents were Uyghur (Father: 86.3%, Mother: 86.9%), junior middle school and the following cultural level (Father: 92.6%, Mother: 94.9%), and working as a farmer (Father: 87.4%, Mother: 88.6%). Most of the parents had not received pre-marital guidance (Mother: 79.4%) and pre-marital physical examination (Father: 85.7%, Mother: 81.1%), and most of the mothers with sick children had no folic acid supplementation at the early stage of pregnancy(Mother: 94.3%). Conclusion There may be risk factors for birth defects in Xinjiang Uyghur, including low degree of culture, farmers, no-receiving pre-marital guidance and pre-marital physical examination, family history of birth defects, mother without folic acid supplementation in early pregnancy. This study provides a reference for further prospective studies according to risk factors of birth defects. Whether it is to carry out education of eugenics or prenatal screening program, targeted for high-risk groups with multiple risk factors will get twice the result with half the effort.