南京市血吸虫病传播控制后钉螺控制效果分析及对策探讨

目的 分析南京市达血吸虫病传播控制后钉螺分布特征和钉螺控制效果,为制定钉螺控制策略提供参考依据。方法 收集2011—2018年南京市螺情与灭螺数据进行统计分析。结果 2018年南京市钉螺面积共计1 511.42 hm²,较2011年钉螺面积下降了37.47%,现有钉螺主要分布在江湖滩地区,占94.88%。在不同类型中江湖滩地区的钉螺分布在边角滩、矮圩内滩和江滩其他环境;内陆地区的钉螺则主要分布在通江河道;山丘地区的钉螺主要分布在溪沟和草滩及渗水滩。2011—2018年活螺密度维持在0.07~0.15只/0.11 m²水平,逐年的钉螺分布面积与有螺环境药物灭螺覆盖率间呈负相关关系（P=0.007）。2018年市级开展灭螺效果评估,结果为钉螺校正死亡率90.53%,活螺密度下降率93.75%。结论 药物灭螺仍是控制钉螺密度的有效手段,但达到传播控制标准后,需强调药物精准灭螺与环境综合治理,协调好血吸虫病防制与长江保护的关系,提高成效,促进血防工作的可持续性发展。

Analysis and countermeasures of control effect of Oncomelania snails after schistosomiasis transmission controlled in Nanjing

Objective To analyze the distribution situation and control effect of Oncomelania snails after schistosomiasis transmission being controlled in Nanjing City, and to provide evidence for formulating the control strategy. Methods The data of Oncomelania snails status and control in Nanjing City from 2011 to 2018 were collected and analyzed. Results The area of Oncomelania snails in 2018 was 1 511.42 hm² , which decreased by 37.47% compared with the area of snails in 2011. The snail-ridden areas were mainly distributed to the marshland regions, accounted for 94.88%. In different types, the Oncomelania snails in marshland areas were distributed in marginal marshland, inner marshland of low dyke and other marshland. In inland areas, the Oncomelania snails were mainly distributed in river channels. The Oncomelania snails in mountain areas were mainly distributed in gully, grass marshland and seepage marshland. From 2011 to 2018, the density of live snails was maintained at the level of 0.07~0.15/0.11 m², and there was a negative correlation between the annual distribution area of Oncomelania snail and the coverage rate of snail control area with molluscicide (P=0.007).In 2018, the snail control evaluation was conducted. The results showed that the corrected mortality rate of the snails was 90.53%, and the decrease rate of living snails density was 93.75%. Conclusion Snail control with molluscicide is still an effective measure to control the density of Oncomelania snails, but after schistosomiasis transmission being controlled, it is necessary to emphasize accurate snail control with molluscicide and environmental comprehensive harness, to coordinate the relationship between schistosomiasis control and the Yangtze River, to improve the effectiveness and promote the sustainable development of the schistosomiasis control.