湖北省第3次重点人群寄生虫病现状调查

目的了解湖北省人体重点寄生虫病流行现状及影响因素。方法按照《全国人体重点寄生虫病现状调查实施细则》的要求,调查采用分层正群抽样方法,在2014—2015年选取15个县36个点农村人群开展土源性线虫病、带绦虫病、和肠道原虫调查,每个点调查250人,共调查9 718人;选取8个县10个点城镇人群开展华支睾吸虫病调查,每个点调查250人,共调查2 770人。采用改良加藤厚涂片法(Kato-Katz法)检查肠道蠕虫卵、带绦虫卵、华支睾吸虫卵,生理盐水和碘液直接涂片法查肠道原虫滋养体和包囊,对3～6岁儿童加做透明胶纸肛拭法检查蛲虫卵。结果湖北省农村人群肠道寄生虫总感染率为1.57%,共检出肠道寄生虫8种,分别为肠道线虫4种,吸虫1种,绦虫1种,肠道原虫2种,蛲虫的感染率最高(2.55%);全省4个生态区中湘赣丘陵山地生态区肠道寄生虫感染率最高3.06%;不同年龄组间感染率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),60～69岁年龄组感染率最高(2.25%),且以钩虫为主。不同性别人群肠道寄生虫感染率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),女性高于男性。本次调查共涉及到14个职业,仅4个职业人群发现有土源性线虫感染,不同职业间肠道寄生虫感染率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),其中农民的感染率最高为1.59%。结论湖北省第3次的寄生虫病调查结果显示湖北省农村人群肠道寄生虫病感染率及肠道原虫感染率与湖北省第2次寄生虫病调查结果相比呈明显下降趋势。但农村老年人、女性、学生和学龄前儿童感染率仍然相对较高,需加强这类人群的寄生虫防治健康教育。儿童的蛲虫感染应成为今后寄生虫病防治重点。防治重点地区为农村,重点人群是小学生、学龄前儿童和文化程度低以及年龄大的农民。

The third survey of parasitic diseases in key population in Hubei

Objective To observe the prevalence and influencing factors of human parasitic diseases in Hubei Province. Methods According to the requirements of "Detailed Rules for the Investigation and Implementation of the Present Situation of Key Human Parasitic Diseases in China", a survey of soil-borne nematodes, taeniasis and intestinal protozoa was conducted among 36 rural populations in 15 counties from 2014 to 2015 by stratified cluster sampling method, 250 people were surveyed in each point, a total of 9 718 people were surveyed; 10 urban populations in 8 counties were selected to carry out clonorchiasis investigation. A total of 250 people were surveyed at each point, and 2 770 people were surveyed. The improved Kato-Katz method was used to examine intestinal worm eggs, tapeworm eggs and Clonorchis sinensis eggs. The trophozoites and cysts of intestinal protozoa were examined by direct smear with saline and iodine solution. The eggs of Enterobius sinensis were examined by anal swabbing with transparent adhesive paper in children aged 3-6 years. Results The total infection rate of intestinal parasites was 1.57%. Eight kinds of intestinal parasites were detected, including 4 intestinal nematodes, 1 trematode, 1 tapeworm and 2 intestinal protozoa. The highest infection rate of Enterobius vermicularis was 2.55%. The infection of intestinal parasites in hilly and mountainous ecological zones in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces was the highest, the rate was 3.06%. There was significant difference in infection rate among different age groups (P< 0.01). The infection rate of 60-69 years age group was the highest (2.25%), and hookworm was dominant. The infection rate of intestinal parasites in females was significantly higher than that in males ( P< 0.01). The survey involved 14 occupations. Only 4 occupational groups were found to have soil-borne nematode infection. There was significant difference in the infection rate of intestinal parasites among different occupations (P< 0.01), and the highest infection rate among farmers was 1.59%. Conclusion According to the results of three surveys of parasitic diseases in Hubei Province, the infection rate of intestinal parasitic diseases and intestinal protozoa in rural population of Hubei Province showed a significant downward trend. However, the infection rate of the elderly, women, students and preschool children in rural areas is still relatively high. It is necessary to strengthen health education on parasite prevention and control among these groups. The infection of children's worms should become the focus of parasitic disease control in the future. The key areas for prevention and control are rural areas, and the key groups are primary school students, preschool children and farmers with low educational level and old age.