牙科X射线诊断的受检者剂量调查研究

目的 调查牙科X射线诊断所致受检者剂量范围，为牙科X射线检查辐射剂量最优化提供参考，降低牙科X射线检查的辐射风险。方法 使用多功能X射线测量仪Raysafe X2和PTW Diamentor CX型空气比释动能面积乘积仪在北京市6家医疗机构，对口内牙科X射线机的入射空气比释动能和空气比释动能面积乘积进行了调查，对口外牙科X射线机的空气比释动能面积乘积进行了调查。结果 共调查了5台口内牙科X射线机和6台口外牙科X射线机，口内牙科X射线机的入射空气比释动能范围为0.57 mGy~2.95 mGy，KAP范围为13.2 mGy·cm²~70.8 mGy·cm²。口外牙科X射线机全景的空气比释动能面积乘积范围为54.2 mGycm²~139.4 mGy·cm²，头颅正侧位的空气比释动能面积乘积范围为24.8 mGycm²~83.6 mGy·cm²，CBCT的空气比释动能面积乘积范围为714.7 mGy·cm²~3 791.5 mGy·cm²。结论 牙科X射线应根据诊断目的合理选择辐射风险低的检查类型，对不同类型检查根据所要达到的图像质量选择合适的照射条件，通过患者剂量调查建立诊断参考水平是防护最优化的重要手段。

A survey of examinee doses in dental X-ray examinations

Objective To investigate the dose range of examinees in dental X-ray examinations, and provide advice for optimizing dose to reduce the radiation risk of dental X-ray examination. Methods The Raysafe X2 and PTW Diamentor CX were used to investigate the incident air kerma and air kerma area product(KAP) of the intraoral dental X-ray machine. The PTW Diamentor CX were used to investigate air kerma area product(KAP) of the extraoral dental X-ray machine.The measurements were done at 6 medical institutions in Beijing. Results The incident air kerma of the intraoral dental X-ray examinationsranged from 0.57 mGy to 2.95 mGy, and the KAP ranged from 13.2 mGy·cm² to 70.8 mGy·cm². The KAP of the panoramaranged from 54.2 mGy·cm² to 139.4 mGy·cm², and the KAP of the cephlometricsranged 24.8 mGy·cm² to 83.6 mGy·cm², and the KAP of the CBCT ranged 714.7 mGy·cm² to 3 791.5 mGy·cm². Conclusion According to the purpose of diagnosis, the type of examination with low radiation risk should be selected. The appropriate parameters should be selected according to the required image quality. Establishing the diagnostic reference level through thedose investigation is an important means of protection optimization.