山东省部分放射工作人员职业健康状况调查

目的 了解山东省放射工作人员的职业健康现状，为相关卫生政策的制定提供参考依据。方法 通过职业健康体检，收集372家单位的3 104名放射工作人员的基本信息和体检指标，计算各指标异常率，并根据性别、年龄、工龄、单位级别和工种分组比较其健康状况。结果 3 104名研究对象中，男性2 118人（68.2%），女性986人（31.8%）。研究对象平均年龄（37.28±9.65）岁，平均工龄为（11.50±9.75）年。放射工作人员的心血管系统指标、肝肾功能和眼晶状体均发生一定程度的改变且与性别、年龄、工龄、工种和单位级别有关，整体表现为男性异常率高于女性，随年龄和工龄的增加，各项健康指标的异常率随之增加；单位级别方面，事业单位放射人员的心率异常率、三甲医院放射人员的肝功能异常率和企业放射人员的眼晶状体异常率明显增高；工种方面，核医学人员的心电图、眼晶状体异常率和工业探伤人员的血压异常率明显增高。结论 长期低剂量电离辐射对人体健康存在损害。放射工作人员在工作中应当根据性别、年龄、工龄、工种和单位级别提出有针对性的防护措施。

Investigation on occupational health status of radiation workers in Shandong Province

Objective To evaluate the occupational health status among radiation workers in Shandong Province, and to provide reliable reference for the formulation of relevant health policies.Methods Basic information and physical examination indicators of 3 104 radiation workers from 372 companies in Shandong Province were collected by occupational health investigation. The abnormal ratio of each health index was calculated. All participants were grouped by gender, age, working age, types of work and company level, and their health status was compared and assessed accordingly.Results There are 2 118 males(68.2%) and 986 females (31.8%)among 3 104 participants with an average age of 37.28±9.65-year-old and an average working age of 11.50±9.75 years. The peripheral blood index, the function of liver and renal, and the condition of eye lens of radiation workers have changed to some extent and are related to gender, age, working age, types of work and company level. Generally, the abnormal ratio of male was significantly higher than that of female, and the abnormal ratio significantly increased along with the augment of age and working age. The abnormal ratio of heart rate in workers from institution, the abnormal rate of liver function in workers from third-senior hospital, and the abnormal rate of eye lens in workers from enterprise increased significantly. The abnormal rate of electrocardiogram and eye lens of nuclear medical workers and the abnormal rate of blood pressure in industrial detection workers increasedsignificantly.Conclusion Long-term low-dose ionizing radiation is harmful to human health. Specific protective measures should be established based on gender, age, working age, types of work and company level and implemented in radiation workers to promote their health status.