Radial glial cell heterogeneity--the source of diverse progeny in the CNS |
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Authors: | Pinto Luisa Götz Magdalena |
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Affiliation: | 1. Institute of Stem Cell Research, GSF—National Research Center for Health and Environment, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg/München, Germany;2. Institute of Physiology–Physiological Genomics, Schillerstr. 46, 80336 München, Germany |
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Abstract: | Here, we discuss the identity, heterogeneity and functions of radial glial cells mostly in the developing central nervous system (CNS). First, we define radial glial cells by morphological, cell biological and molecular criteria as true glial cells, akin to astroglia. We then describe the appearance of radial glial cells during neural development as a precursor intermediate between immature neuroepithelial cells and differentiating progeny. Then we review the diverse progeny arising in different lineages from radial glial cells as observed by clonal analyses and time-lapse imaging. This leads us to discuss the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of the lineage heterogeneity of radial glial cells - including their diversity in distinct regions of the CNS. We conclude by considering the possible mechanisms allowing neurogenic radial glial cells to persist into adulthood in various vertebrate classes ranging from fish to birds, while neurogenic glial cells become restricted to few small regions of the adult forebrain in mice and men. |
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Keywords: | AJ, adherens junctions BM, basement membrane CNS, central nervous system CMZ, ciliary marginal zone ECM, extracellular matrix EGL, external granular layer ES cells, embryonic stem cells FACS, fluorescence activated cell sorting GFP, green fluorescent protein ML, molecular layer NS, neural stem OB, olfactory bulb RMS, rostral migratory stream SEZ, subependymal zone SVZ, subventricular zone VZ, ventricular zone |
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