2012年重庆市碘缺乏病纵向监测点监测结果分析

目的掌握重庆市碘缺乏病防治效果和病情变化的趋势。方法选择重庆市4个区县,每县随机抽取1所小学,每所小学随机抽取8~10岁儿童90名,测定儿童甲状腺肿、盐碘、尿碘及智商;同时采集孕妇和哺乳妇女的尿液进行尿碘测定。甲状腺采用B超法检查,尿碘采用砷铈催化分光光度方法测定,盐碘采用直接滴定法。结果 4个监测点共调查360名8~10岁儿童,其甲状腺肿大率为5.28%;不同区县间比较,儿童甲状腺肿大率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。盐碘中位数为26.65 g/kg,碘盐覆盖率、碘盐合格率、合格碘盐食用率分别为99.72%、91.09%、90.83%。儿童、孕妇、哺乳妇女尿碘中位数分别为238.15μg/L、218.15μg/L、252.90μg/L;尿碘<100μg/L比例分别占11.94%、32.93%、13.75%;300μg/L以上比例分别占34.17%、13.41%、43.75%。儿童智商为112.57分。结论重庆市儿童甲状腺肿大率相对较高,人群碘营养水平稳定,仍存在碘不足和碘过量现象。

Surveillance on Iodine Deficiency Disorders in Longitudinal Surveillance Sites of Chongqing City in 2012

Objective To understand the prevention and control effects of iodine deficiency disorders and its pro- gression trend of disease condition in Chongqing. Methods One primary school was randomly selected as longitudinal surveillance sites in each of 4 counties in Chongqing city. A total of 90 children aged 8 to 10 years were randomly selected in each school with goiter, salt iodine, urinary iodine and intelligence detected. Meanwhile, in the four sites, urinary io- dine of pregnant women and nursing women was tested. ~he goiter was examined by B-ultrasonograghy, urinary iodine by Ce arsenic acid digestion, and salt iodine by direct drop methods. Results A total of 360 children aged 8 to 10 years were investigated surveillance sites. The total goiter rate was 5.28%. There was no significant difference in the total goiter rate among different counties （P〉0.05）. The median of iodized salt was 26.65 mg/kg. The coverage rate of iodized salt, con- sumption rate of qualified iodized salt and intake rate of qualified iodized salt was 99.72%, 91.09% and 97.04%, respective- ly. The medians of urine iodine of children, pregnant and nursing women were 238.15μg/L, 218.15 btg/L and 252.90μg/ L, respectively. The cases with urine iodine lower than 100 μg/L accounted for 11.94%, 32.93% and 13.75%, respectively. The cases with urine iodine above 300 μg/L accounted for 34.17%, 13.41% and 43.75%, respectively. The mean intelligence quotient of children was 112.57. Condusion The goiter rate of schoolchildren in Chongqing city is relatively high and the population＇s iodine nutrition level is stable. However, the shortage and overdose of iodine still exist in Chongqing city.