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Massive prolapse of the urethral mucosa following periurethral injection of calcium hydroxylapatite for stress urinary incontinence |
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| Authors: | Paulo C. R. Palma Cássio L. Z. Riccetto Mario Henrique T. Martins Viviane Herrmann Rogerio de Fraga Athanase Billis Nelson Rodrigues Netto Jr. |
| Affiliation: | 1. Division of Urology, Campinas State University-UNICAMP, S?o Paulo, Brazil 2. Division of Gynecology, Campinas State University-UNICAMP, S?o Paulo, Brazil 3. Division of Pathology, Campinas State University-UNICAMP, S?o Paulo, Brazil |
| Abstract: | The injection of bulking agents into the urethral submucosa is designed to create artificial urethral cushions that can improve urethral coaptation and hence restore continence. Ideally, a urethral bulking agent should be non-immunogenic and biocompatible, leading to minimal inflammatory and fibrotic response. The authors present a case report of a granulomatous reaction leading to urethral prolapse, 3 months after the transurethral injection of calcium hydroxylapatite. To our knowledge, this is the first granulomatous reaction described after calcium hydroxylapatite injection. |
| Keywords: | Bulking agents Urinary incontinence Granuloma Calcium hydroxylapatite |
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