医院感染革兰阴性杆菌的分布及耐药性分析

目的了解医院感染革兰阴性杆菌的种类、分布及耐药情况,为指导临床合理用药及控制医院感染提供依据。方法对2011年1月至2011年12月新乡市中心医院住院患者各类标本中分离出的革兰阴性杆菌进行细菌鉴定和药物敏感性试验。结果分离出的革兰阴性杆菌中,排在前五位的细菌为：大肠埃希菌、铜绿假单胞菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、不动杆菌属、阴沟肠杆菌。大多数革兰阴性杆菌对广谱青霉素、喹喏酮类和第三代头孢菌素耐药率较高,对碳青酶烯类耐药率最低,其次为头孢哌酮/舒巴坦、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、阿米卡星和头孢吡肟。不动杆菌属细菌耐药率普遍较高。结论革兰阴性杆菌对常用抗菌药物耐药性较高,进行细菌耐药性监测,对指导临床合理使用抗菌药物,积极有效地控制医院感染具有重要意义。

Pathogens distribution and related drug resistance in nosocomial Infections with gram-negative bacilli

Objective To investigate flora distribution and drug resistance status in nosocomial infections with Gram-negative bacilli and provide the scientific evidence for clinically reasonable use of antibiotics.Methods The Gram-negative bacilli were clinically isolated from various infective specimens from the inpatients from Jan 2008 to Dec 2008 in Xinxiang central hospital were collected,sorted and analyzed on their drug resistance.Results Among the Gram-negative bacilli,the top five of the isolating rate were Escherichia coli,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,K.pneumoniae,a Acinetobacter and Enterobacter cloacae.Most Gram-negative bacilli have high resistance rates to Broad-spectrum penicillin,Quinolones and the third-generation cephalosporins.The lowest antimicrobial re-sistance rate was Carbapenems,followed by cefoperazone sulbactam,piperacillin sulbactam,amikacin and cefepime.The antimicrobial resistance rate of Acinetobacter was generally higher.Conclusion The antimicrobial resistance rate of Gram-negative bacilli to the commonly used antibiotics is rising.Periodic monitoring to the bacterialresistance tendency has greatimportance to guide the drug application in clinics.