北京市城乡限定人群低视力与盲的患病率及其病因的调查

目的 研究北京市城乡≥40岁特定人群低视力、盲的患病率和病因。方法 对北京大兴区榆垡镇与城区北部5个干休所社区,用限定人群逐户上门登记的方法进行最佳矫正视力的检查。符合条件的人群进行系统的眼科检查。系统的眼科检查包括视功能检查和眼形态学检查。低视力和盲以WHO的标准进行统计。结果 5324人入选,实查4451人,农村应答率：79.37%,城市应答率：87.15%。低视力和盲的患病率分别为0.99%（95%CI：0.70-1.28)和0.39%(95%CI:0.21-0.57)。低视力的患病率女性（1.45%)是男性（0.65%)的2.23倍（OR：1.97,95%CI:1.00-3.95),农村（1.76%)是城市（0.61%)的2.89倍（OR：2.93,95%CI:1.43-6.11)。盲的患病率女性为0.64%,男性为0.37%(OR:1.55,95%CI:0.63-3.96),农村（1.06%)是城市（0.52%)的2.04倍（OR：3.77,95%CI:1.41-10.62)。导致盲的主要原因是白内障（37.50%)、青光眼（29.17%)、高度近视眼底病变（8.33%)、角膜病（8.33%)和其他眼底病变（16.67%)。各种病因的患病率农村明显高于城市。特别是白内障的患病率,农村（8/9,88.89%)明显高于城市（1/9,11.11%),24例盲中,农村女性占66.67%。结论 低视力和盲的患病率随年龄增长患病率增高。农村地区的低视力和盲的患病率高于城市。白内障、青光眼是致盲的主要原因。低视力和盲受年龄、地区、医疗保健水平、文化程度、经济状况、环境因素和性别的影响。

Prevalence of low vision and blindness in defined populations in rural and urban areas in Beijing

Objective To investigate the prevalence and causes of low vision and blindness in Beijing residents aged 40 and over. Methods 4 451 residents aged 40 and over in 3 rural communities and 5 urban communities in Beijing underwent eye examination, including examination of distant and near visual acuity (VA), best corrected distant and near VA, pinhole VA, and visual field, slit lamp biomicroscopy, and dilated ocular examination in the form of in-home survey by defined population-based sampling. The medical history was surveyed too. The data were analyzed based on the criteria of the World Health Organization. Results The general prevalence rates of low vision and blindness were 0.99% (95% CI : 0.70 -1.28) and 0.39% (95% CI : 0.21-0.57) respectively. The prevalence rate of low vision in females was 1.45%, 2.23 times that of males (0.65%) ( OR : 1.97, 95% CI : 1.00-3.95). The prevalence rate of low vision of rural residents was 1.76%, 2.89 times that of urban residents (0.61%) ( OR : 2.93, 95% CI : 1.43-6.11). The prevalence rate of blindness in females was 0,64% and 0.37% in males. The prevalence rate of blindness of rural residents was 1.06%, 2.04 times that of the urban residents (0.52%) ( OR : 3.77, 95% CI : 1.41-10.62). The 3 major causes of blindness were cataract (37.50%), glaucoma (29.20%), and high myopic macular degeneration (8.30%). The prevalence of blindness increased with age. Conclusion The prevalence rates of low vision and blindness are higher in the rural areas. Cataract, glaucoma, and high myopic macular degeneration are the major causes of blindness. The prevalence of low vision and blindness are influenced by age, sex; area, health care level, educational level, and environmental factors.