诱导胚胎干细胞分化为视网膜色素上皮细胞的培养方法

视网膜变性疾病导致视力下降，是视网膜色素上皮(RPE)细胞或感光细胞引起不可逆性损害或凋亡所造成的功能异常，从而导致的致盲性眼病，常引起视觉障碍甚至失明。人胚胎干细胞(hESCs)是一种能够多向分化的细胞。凭借适当的方法，hESCs可分化为各种视网膜细胞。由于人体RPE细胞无法再生，研究表明运用干细胞源性RPE细胞移植治疗视网膜病变的临床治疗方法具有实用前景，且近年来已取得突破性进展。多因素的限制、方法的选择以及诱导条件的复杂等使诱导分化RPE的效率和移植后存活率存在较大差异且不稳定，所以现阶段研究重点在于如何综合不同培养方法，取其利去其弊，提高hESCs定向分化效率以及细胞数量与质量，降低培养污染以及免疫排斥反应等。本文将对目前存在多种培养方法进行举例归纳总结，针对不同角度作出综述。

Culture methods of inducing embryonic stem cells to differentiate into retinal pigment epithelial cells

Retinal degenerative disease can lead to decreased vision, which is a blinding ophthalmopathy caused by irreversible damage or apoptosis of retinal pigment epithelium(RPE)cells or photoreceptor cells, often resulting in visual impairment or even blindness. Human embryonic stem cells(hESCs)are a kind of multi-directional differentiation cells. By appropriate methods, hESCs can be differentiated into various retinal cells. Since human PRE cells cannot be regenerated, studies have shown that the clinical treatment of retinopathy with stem cell derived RPE cell transplantation has practical prospects and has made a breakthrough in recent years. Due to the limitations of multiple factors, the selection of methods and the complexity of induction conditions, the efficiency of induced differentiation of RPE and the survival rate after transplantation vary greatly and are unstable. Therefore, the current researches should focus on how to integrate different culture methods, take advantages and eliminate disadvantages, so as to improve the directed differentiation efficiency of hESCs, as well as the number and quality of induced cells, thus reducing culture pollution and immune rejection and so on. Here, we will summarize the current examples of various culture methods and give a review from different perspectives.