上海地区变应性鼻炎患者变应原特征分析

目的 回顾性分析疑似变应性鼻炎(allergic rhinitis,AR)患者过敏原的特征与发病季节分布。方法 选取2015年1月1日至2017年12月31日就诊于我院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科有典型AR症状并行变应原测试的患者1570例,分析变应原检测结果及季节分布。结果 有1182例(75.3%)检测出至少一种变应原阳性；单纯血清总IgE阳性者为143例(9.1%)；检测出单一过敏原的AR患者为491例(31.3%),两种及以上过敏原AR患者为691(44.0%),其中尘螨(包括屋尘螨和粉尘螨)为最常见的过敏原,共有715例约占所有变应原阳性AR患者的60.5%,其次为青霉素为239例(20.2%)；在每年的4~6月、8~11月为AR患者就诊高发期。17-39岁人群占比最高。结论 尘螨为上海地区部分AR患者的主要过敏原,AR发作有时间分布差异。

Analysis of allergen characteristics of allergic rhinitis patients in Shanghai, China

Objective To analyze the characteristics of the main allergens and seasonal distribution in patients suspicious of allergic rhinitis(AR). Methods Allergens test was performed on patients with typical symptoms of allergic rhinitis in otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery in our hospital from Jan. 1,2015 to Dec. 31,2017. The result of the test in different people was compared. Results 1182 (75.3%) had positive result with clinical significance; 143 cases (9.1%) of simple serum IgE positive were found. 31.3% of total was detected with a single allergen and 44.0% with two or more allergens. The most common allergen in patients with AR was Dermatophagoides(60.5%, including Dermatophagoides farina and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus) and the second was penicillin(20.2%). There were two peaks for the number of patients from April to June and from August to November. Conclusion Dermatophagoides is the most common allergen in AR patients, different months had different allergen distributions.