ras癌基因产物P21与肿瘤胚胎蛋白AFP、CEA在人肝癌中表达的对比研究

应用同一组织连续石蜡切片免疫组化染色技术，检测了ＡＦＰ、ＣＥＡ与Ｐ２１￣（ｒａｓ）在人肝细胞癌及其癌旁肝组织中的免疫定位关系，并探讨了ＡＦＰ与Ｐ２１￣（ｒａｓ）在肝癌辅助诊断中的意义。结果显示（１）ＡＦＰ及Ｐ２１￣（ｒａｓ）较ＣＥＡ与肝细胞癌的关系更为密切，半数以上肝癌可同时表达ＡＦＰ与Ｐ２１￣（ｒａｓ）两种抗原，且二者在组织中的阳性分布极相似；（２）癌组织ＡＦＰ的阳性率显著高于癌旁，而Ｐ２１￣（ｒａｓ）与之相反。由此可见，ＡＦＰ作为肝细胞癌相对特异的标志物用于肝癌的辅助诊断优于Ｐ２１￣（ｒａｓ）；癌旁同时表达ＡＦＰ与Ｐ２１￣（ｒａｓ）的肝细胞很可能是已经启动的、尚未产生表型转化的、已具备肿瘤性增殖能力的癌前细胞群。

A comparative study of the expression of ras oncogenic protein P21 and oncofetal protein AFP, CEA in human hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)

he expression of P21,AFP and CEA were detected in human hepatocellular carcinoma and its sur- rounding nontumor tissues by immunohistochemical staining on serial sections. The significance of AFP and P21 in HCC auxillary diagnosis was discussed.The results are as follows:(1)AFP and P21 were more closely related with HCC than CEA. Both AFP and P21 were expressed simultaneously in more than half the cases.The distribution of these two antigens in HCC was similar.(2)The positive incidence of AFP in tumor tissues was higher than that in surrounding nontumor tissues,but vice versa for P21. Based on the results of this study,we regard that AFP is a relatively specific marker of HCC, better than P21 in auxillary diagnosis of HCC. The hepatocytes which surround the tumor and can simultaneously express AFP and P21,are likely to be precancerous cells which have been initiated and possess the ability of neoplastic growth but lack phenotype transfomation.