Medical management of chronic pancreatitis

慢性胰腺炎的临床表现包括疼痛、脂肪泻和糖尿病。在西方国家，慢性胰腺炎最常见的病因是酗酒。70％以上的病人在就诊时有疼痛的临床表现，而且，这些患者中又有75％以上会在几年之后出现疼痛减轻或完全消失。对于所有的慢性胰腺炎的病人来说，均应排除非胰源性疼痛和胆道梗阻、胰腺假性囊肿等胰腺局部并发症。应建议所有慢性胰腺炎病人戒烟、戒酒。阿片类镇痛剂仅应用于治疗疼痛严重的病人。尽管有报道认为胰酶替代治疗有助于止痛，但是，对于已经确诊的慢性胰腺炎病人来说，该疗法无效。激素类药物进行腹腔神经丛阻滞术可能有助于病人度过剧烈疼痛期。顽固性疼痛是进行胰液引流或胰腺切除的适应证。建议应用适量胰酶替代联合(或不联合)制酸剂治疗营养不良。慢性胰腺炎导致的糖尿病与原发性糖尿病的治疗原则相似。

Medical management of chronic pancreatitis

The clinical presentation of chronic pancreatitis includes pain, steatorrhea and diabetes. The most common etiology in the western world is excess alcohol use. Pain is present in >70% patients at presentation and decreases in intensity or resolves over several years in up to 75% of patients. Non-pancreatic causes of pain and local complications, chiefly pseudocysts and biliary obstruction should be excluded in all patients. All patients should be advised to abstain from alcohol and smoking and opiates should be used only to control severe exacerbations of pain. Although pancreatic enzyme replacement is reported to be useful in the management of pancreatic pain, it is of little or no benefit in patients with established chronic pancreatitis. Celiac plexus block using steroids may be helpful to tide patients over an episode of severe pain. Intractable pain is an indication for surgery that includes pancreatic drainage procedure or pancreatic resection. For control of malabsorption, adequate pancreatic enzyme replacement with or without an acid reducing agent is recommended. The principles of management of pancreatic diabetes are similar to diabetes mellitus.