Depression in Alzheimer's disease: an overview of adrenergic and cholinergic mechanisms |
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| Authors: | E H Liston L F Jarvik S Gerson |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles USA.;2. The UCLA Neuropsychiatric Institute and Hospital, Los Angeles USA.;3. the Psychogeriatric Unit, West Los Angeles Veterans'' Administration Medical Center, Los Angeles USA.;1. ESSCA School of Management, 55 quai Alphonse Le Gallo, 92513 Boulogne-Billancourt Cedex, France;2. SKEMA Business School, Pôle Universitaire Léonard De Vinci, 92916 Courbevoie, Paris La Défense, France;3. IAE Lyon, Université Jean Moulin Lyon 3, Equipe de Recherche Magellan, 6 Cours Albert Thomas – BP 8242, 69355 Lyon Cedex 08, France;1. Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC;2. Department of Nutrition Science, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC;1. China-USA Neuroimaging Research Institute, Department of Radiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China;2. Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310012, China;3. The Seventh Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310013, China;1. Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, New Kamptee, Nagpur, Maharashtra 441 002, India;2. Government College of Pharmacy, Amravati, Maharashtra 444 604, India;1. Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, California;2. Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, California;3. Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California;4. Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Veterans Administration Medical Center, San Francisco, California;5. Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California;6. Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, San Diego, California;7. Alzheimer’s Therapeutic Research Institute, San Diego, California;8. Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California;9. Clinical Memory Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden;10. Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania;11. Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana;12. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota;13. Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan |
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| Abstract: | Depression is frequently associated with Alzheimer's disease and has traditionally been viewed as either a psychological reaction to the dementia or a coincidental phenomenon. However, recent studies suggest that neuroanatomic and neurochemical interrelationships between Alzheimer's disease and depression may exist. That is, the loss of ascending noradrenergic and cholinergic cortical projections due to neuronal degeneration in the nucleus locus coeruleus and the nucleus basalis of Meynert may have implications for the development of depressive disorder in this primary degenerative dementia. The authors review these issues, explore related brain-behavior hypotheses and suggest research strategies and questions for further investigation. |
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