1983-2003年大连市沙河口区中小学生形态发育的长期变化

目的了解大连市沙河口区中小学生形态发育的长期变化，为进一步做好儿少卫生工作提供科学依据。方法分析该区内1983、1993、2003年监测点校7～18岁学生体质监测资料，并将其1993年前10年和后10年学生形态指标发育情况进行比较。结果1983--2003年大连市沙河口区7～18岁男女学生身高、体重、胸围持续增长。前10年男生平均身高和体重增长大于后10年，而平均胸围增长则为后10年大于前10年；女生平均身高增长为前10年大于后10年，而体重和胸围则为后10年增长大于前10年。7～18岁男女生1983、1993、2003年3个不同年度的年增长率高峰有逐渐提前的趋势，男生年增长率高峰在12～13岁，女生较男生早二三年。结论大连市沙河口区7～18岁学生身高、体重、胸围发育呈持续增长趋势，男女生胸围发育后10年大于前10年，其身高、体重、胸围形态3项指标发育正在逐渐摆脱“豆芽”形，而朝着健康的形体方向发展。青春期突增表现逐渐提前，提示我们在学生10岁左右即应有计划、有步骤地开展学生的青春期卫生知识和性心理健康教育工作．

Long-Term Changes in the Constitution Development of Middle and Primary School Students in Shahekou District of Dalian City during 1983-2003

Objective] To learn the long-term changes of the figure development of middle and primary school students in Shahekou District of Dalian and provide scientific basis for the improvement of children＇s work. Methods] Analysis was made on the data of constitution examination for the students aged from 7 to 18 in this region in the years of 1983, 1993 and 2003 respectively; comparison was made on the figure indexes of the former 10 years and the latter. Results] The height, weight and chest measurement of the students increased continuously during 1983--2002; the height and weight of the male students increased more in the former 10 years then in the latter 10 years, while the chest measurement was on the opposite; the height of the females increased more in the first 10 years than in the latter 10 years , while the weight and chest measurement were on the opposite; the development peaks of the male students was during the age of 12 - 13 and that of the female students was two or three years earlier. Conclusion] The development of the height, weight and chest measurement of the students aged from 7 to 18 indicated an increasing tendency aiming at healthy development ; rapid puberty development indicates the importance of planned puberty hygienic and sexual health education among the students.