人工肩关节假体在肱骨近端骨折中的应用

目的:总结近年有关人工肩关节置换治疗复杂肱骨近端骨折的现状.方法:由作者应用计算机检索维普数据库中与人工半肩关节置换治疗肱骨近端骨折有关的文献,检索时限为1998-01/2009-10.检索关键词:肩关节,假体置换,肱骨近端骨折.纳入标准:①选取针对性强,相关度高的文献.②排除一些重复性研究.对资料进行初审,并查看每篇文献后的引文.结果:共18篇文献符合标准.对于复杂肱骨近端骨折的治疗目前仍存在很大争议,早期行半肩关节置换是一种合适的方法.肩关节置换术包括人工肱骨头置换和人工全肩关节置换,人工肱骨头以Neer型和Biligani型为代表.肱骨头假体柄的固定方式有骨水泥和非骨水泥两种.骨水泥分为全骨水泥和近端骨水泥固定技术,非骨水泥分为压配固定和压实骨移植法.肩关节置换后并发症包括肩关节不稳定、大结节异位、小结节异位、异位骨化、假体松动、假体周围骨折、感染和神经损伤.结论:只要严格按解剖位置置入假体,在正常位置重建大、小结节,并结合充分的术后康复治疗,大多数并发症是可以避免的.

Application of artificial shoulder prosthesis in proximal humeral fracture

OBJECTIVE:TO summarize the treatment of complicated proximal humeral fracture with artificial shoulder replacement.METHODS:A computer-based online search of VIP was performed for related articles published between January 1998 and October 2009 with the key words"shoulder joint,prosthesis replacement,proximal humeral fracture".Articles with high correlation were included.and repetitive studies were excluded.The data were firstly collected,the references of each article were reviewed.RESULTS:A total of 18 articles were included The treatment of complicated proximal humeral fracture remains controversial.Early semi-shoulder ioint replacement is an appropriate method.Shoulder replacement includes humeral head replacement and total shoulder replacement.Neer and Biligani type are typical artificial humeral head.The fixation patterns of humeral head prosthesis shaft include cemented and cementless.Bone cement includes total bone cement and proximal cement fixation,and cementless includes pressure fixation and compaction bone grafting.Complications following shoulder replacement involve prosthesis instability,nodule heterotopia,heterotopic ossification,prosthesis loosening,periprosthetic fracture,infection and nerve injury.CONCLUSION:Majority of complications can be prevented by appropriate location of prosthesis,reconstruction of greater and lesser tubercle.and in combination with postoperative rehabilitation treatment.