糖尿病大鼠早期视网膜超微结构改变及药物治疗的效果

目的　探讨糖尿病大鼠糖尿病视网膜病变 (简称糖网病 )视网膜超微结构的改变 ,为糖尿病的研究提供形态学依据 ,并早期试用中西药治疗 ,观察疗效。　方法　用链尿佐菌素 (STZ)制作糖尿病大鼠模型 ,分为正常对照组、糖尿病未治疗组、川芎嗪组、氨胍组及川芎嗪 +氨胍组 (n=12 )。喂养 3个月 ,每月测体重、血糖 ,3个月后处死 ,取视网膜行透射电镜观察。　结果　川芎嗪和氨胍组血糖检测均降低 ,两药相比 ,后者优于前者 ,两药合用疗效大于单独用药。糖尿病 3个月时大鼠眼底可见小动脉瘤形成 ,无出血、渗出 ,视细胞外节的膜盘排列紊乱 ,纵横交错 ,自成多个螺旋体 ,有的膜盘间隙有大量糖原颗粒沉淀 ,椭圆体内线粒体排列稀疏 ,有的空泡化。早期色素上皮细胞微绒毛脱落 ,细胞膜内褶极少 ,内质网扩张 ,但细胞之间的紧密连接存在。川芎嗪或氨胍组有不同程度的改善 ,而川芎嗪 +氨胍组视网膜超微结构基本正常。　结论　大鼠糖尿病早期眼底和视网膜超微结构已有改变。早期用药对防止糖网病病情的进展 ,减轻视功能的损害有重要意义。

Ultrastructural Changes and Drug Treatmentof Retina Lesion in Early Diabetic Rats

Objective To investigate the relations between fundus pathological change and retinal ultrastructural changes in early diabetic rats, in order to furnish some morphological evidence for diabetic retinopathy(DR), and to observe the effect. Methods Diabetic rats were induced by streptozotocin(STZ). They were divided into 5 groups, 12 rats each group and fed for 3 months:(1)normal control group, (2)diabetic group without treatment, (3)diabetic group treated with tetromethylpragine, (4)aminoguanidine, and (5)diabetic group treated with tetromethylpragine and aminoguanidine. Body weight, blood sugar and fundus were examined once a month. After 3 months, the rats were sacrificed and the retina were observed by transmission electron microscope. Results Small aneruysm formation but no haemorrhage or exudation were found on fundus of deabetic rats during 3 months. Ultrastructural changes were presented mainly in the photoreceptor and pigment epithelium. After take the tetromethylpragine or aminoguanidine, they got improved in various degrees. Howerer, the retinal ultrastructure had been normal in tetromethylpragine and aminoguanidine combination group. Conclusion The fundus and the retinal ultrastructure have pathological changes during early stage in diabetic rats. After treatment with tetromethylpragine or aminoguanidine, the blood sugar and retinal ultrastructure changes improved. Early stage treatment is recommend for prevention of the disease progression and visual dysfunction.;