上海市青少年健康危险行为现状浅析

[目的] 了解上海市中学生健康危险行为的现状。 [方法] 2002年4-6月,采取分层整群抽样调查方法,选取105所普通中学和中等职业学校的初一、高一学生9 246名,进行知、信、行(KAP)问卷调查。 [结果] 1周内学生中步行乱穿马路、骑车违反交通规则、乘车不系安全带和1年内打架、到非泳区游泳等危险行为发生率分别为40.7％、48.4％、42.0％、17.7％和9.8％;19.0％的学生在过去的1年中曾感到非常悲伤和无望并持续2周以上;13.2％的学生在过去的1年中曾想过自杀,5.1％的学生制订过自杀计划,1.2％的学生在过去的1年中曾有自杀行为;5.0％的学生目前吸烟,4.9％的学生在13周岁前就吸过1整支香烟。1.3％的学生经常吸烟;17.8％的学生近期饮酒;4。4％的学生承认曾经服用可引起依赖的药物。0.9％的学生承认对服用的药物有依赖;在1周的饮食中有44.6％的学生不能做到每天喝1杯牛奶.有42.0％的学生不能做到平均每天吃2次以上蔬菜,有25％以上的学生每天喝1杯以上含糖饮料;不能保证每天体育锻炼1 h的学生有69.6％;中学生在学校里没有接受过预防艾滋病的健康教育的比例为49.3％。赞成婚前性行为的比例为18.5％,高中阶段学生曾发生性行为的比例为2.3％。各项危险行为的发生率在不同地区、类别学校和性别之间存在不同程度差异。 [?

Risk behaviors of adolescents in Shanghai

[Objective] To get the basic information about risk behaviors of middle school students in Shanghai. [Method] A KAP questionnaire was used in 105 middle and professional schools from April to June in 2002 in Shanghai to investigate 9 246 students in the first grade of junior and senior middle schools. [Results] About 40. 7% of students violated traffic rules when crossing the streets, 48.4% of them violat traffic rules when rode on a bicycle and 42.2% of them never or rarely wore seat bell when rode in a car driven by someone else within a week. 17. 7% of students had physical fighting and 9.8% of them swam in non - swimming area within the past year. 19.0% of surveyed students had felt so sad or hopeless almost every day for 2 weeks or more that 13.2% of students had considered suicide during the 12 months preceding the survey. Suicidal planning was reported by 5.1 % of students and 1.2% of students had attempted suicide within the 12 months preceding the survey . 5.0% of the students smoked 1 or more cigarettes within the 30 days preceding the survey, 4.7% smoked a whole cigarette before age 13 years, 1.3% smoked 20 or more cigarettes within the 30 days preceding the survey. 17.8% of the students drank alcohol within the 30 days preceding the survey, 4.4% of these students reported that they used addictive drugs (including tran-quilizer), 0.9% of them reported that they had dependence on the drugs. Among the students 44.6% drank less than.gne glass of milk (about 200mL) per day during the 7 days preceding the survey, 42.0% ate less than 2 times vegetable per day, More than 25% of student drank more than 1 glass of sweet beverage. 69.6% did physical exercise less than 1 hour per day. 49.3% of students had not heard about HIV/AIDS at school, 18.5 % approved of sexual intercourse before marriage, and 2.3% of senior students had experienced sexual intercourse. Occurrence of risk behaviors were different among different types of school different localities and different sex. [Conclusion] Adolescents are one of the focal target people for prevention of injuries. It is important to develop health promotion on the basis of life skill education to improve their knowledge to prevent risk behaviors.