Safety assessment of sandalwood oil (Santalum album L.). |
| |
Authors: | George A Burdock Ioana G Carabin |
| |
Affiliation: | Burdock Group, 2001 9th Avenue, Suite 301, Vero Beach, FL 32960, United States. gburdock@burdockgroup.com |
| |
Abstract: | Sandalwood (Santalum album L.) is a fragrant wood from which oil is derived for use in food and cosmetics. Sandalwood oil is used in the food industry as a flavor ingredient with a daily consumption of 0.0074 mg/kg. Over 100 constituents have been identified in sandalwood oil with the major constituent being alpha-santalol. Sandalwood oil and its major constituent have low acute oral and dermal toxicity in laboratory animals. Sandalwood oil was not mutagenic in spore Rec assay and was found to have anticarcinogenic, antiviral and bactericidal activity. Occasional cases of irritation or sensitization reactions to sandalwood oil in humans are reported in the literature. Although the available information on toxicity of sandalwood oil is limited, it has a long history of oral use without any reported adverse effects and is considered safe at present use levels. |
| |
Keywords: | CAS, Chemical Abstracts Service CFR, Code of Federal Regulations CHD, coronary heart disease CoE, Council of Europe DMBA, 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene DINFO, daily intake via natural food occurrence EC, European Community EFSA, European Food Safety Authority EINECS, European Inventory of Existing Chemical/Commercial Substances EU, European Union FCC, Food Chemicals Codex FEMA, Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association FDA, United States Food and Drug Administration GRAS, generally recognized as safe IOFI, International Organization of Flavor Industries JECFA, Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives and Contaminants MSDI, maximum survey-derived daily intake NACGM, National Association of Chewing Gum Manufacturers NAS, National Academy of Sciences NOEL, no observed effect level PADI, possible average daily intake PMDI, possible maximum daily intake TAMDI, theoretical added maximal daily intake TPA, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate |
本文献已被 ScienceDirect 等数据库收录! |
|