糖尿病酮症酸中毒诊治概述

糖尿病酮症酸中毒(DKA)是糖尿病患者最常见的急性并发症,具有起病急、病情重、变化快的特点,在胰岛素应用于临床之前,该症是糖尿病患者死亡的主要原因。但DKA所导致的病理生理改变经过及时正确的治疗是可以逆转的,其预后在很大程度上取决于及时的诊断和治疗,一经诊断即予补液、小剂量胰岛素、补钾等治疗可大大减少DKA的病死率。同时,加强糖尿病教育,增强糖尿病患者及家属对DKA的认识,保持良好的血糖控制,预防和及时治疗感染及其他诱发因素,有利于本病的早期诊断和治疗。

Summary of Diagnosis and Treatment of Diabetic Ketoacidosis

Diabetic ketoacidosis （ DKA ） is the most common acute complications of diabetes. It is characterized with onset nasty, illness weight, fast changes. Before insulin applied, this disease is the leading cause of death in patients with diabetes. But the pathological or physiological changes caused by DKA can be reversed after timely correct treatment, and the prognosis largely depends on timely diagnosis and treatment. Rehydration, small doses of insulin and potassium treatment can greatly reduce the mortality of DKA. At the same time, strengthening diabetes education, strengthening the diabetes patients and their families understanding of DKA, keeping good blood sugar control, prevention and timely treatment of infection and other factors, are beneficial to early diagnosis and treatment of the disease.