肺移植术后气道并发症CT表现和应用进展

随着外科技术和围手术期管理的不断改进，肺移植手术成功率逐渐提高，但术后发生气道并发症仍较常见。肺移植术后气道并发症可能会降低受者生活质量，增加医疗成本，甚至危及受者生命。2018年，国际心肺移植学会(ISHLT)共识指出气道并发症包括缺血坏死、吻合口裂开、气道狭窄及气管支气管软化症。支气管镜仍是诊断气道并发症的金标准，但在肺移植受者随访过程中，使用吸气末CT联合呼气末或动态呼气相CT检查，可协助发现多种气道并发症，同时评估并发症的位置及程度，为临床治疗决策提供有益补充。

CT manifestations and application progress of airway complications after lung transplantation

With the continuous improvement of surgical techniques and perioperative management, the success rate of lung transplantation has gradually increased, but airway complications after lung transplantation are still common. Airway complications after lung transplantation may reduce the quality of life, increase medical costs, and even threaten the lives of the recipients. In 2018, the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT) consensus proposed that airway complications included ischemic necrosis, anastomotic dehiscence, airway stenosis and tracheobronchomalacia. Bronchoscopy remains the gold standard for the diagnosis of airway complications. However, during the follow-up of lung transplant recipients, use of end-inspiratory CT scan combined with end-expiratory or dynamic expiratory CT scan may contribute to identifying a variety of airway complications, evaluating the location and degree of airway complications and providing beneficial supplement for the selection of clinical treatment.