贵州仁怀苗族体部体质特征

目的 探讨贵州仁怀市苗族成年人体部特征，比较分析该苗族群体男女体质特征及其与其他12个民族群体的差异性，了解其亲缘关系。方法 采用体质特征观察、测量法,对376例（男性194例，女性182例）仁怀市苗族成年人进行活体观察及测量，运用SPSS13.0统计软件进行数据处理。结果 仁怀苗族拇指直型稍多于过伸型（男66.5%，女58.8%）；中指无毛型稍多于有毛型（男56.2%，女58.3%）；男女均为环指长明显多于食指长（男88.7%，女91.8）；惯用手R型明显多于L型（男90.7%，女94.5%）；交叉臂R型略多于L型（男53.1%，女54.4%）；扣手L型明显多于R型（男73.7%，女72.5%）；男、女性间除4项上下肢末段长差异不显著外（P ＞0.05），其他肢体长指标差异均显著（P ＜0.05）；男性中躯干型较多（49%），女性长躯干型较多（46.2%）；手型分型男性宽手型最多（34.0%），女性窄手型最多（42.3%）；腿型分型男性亚长腿型和中腿型最多(均占34.0%)，女性亚长腿型最多（30.8%）；身材多属矮型身材（男42.8%，女53.8%）。结论 仁怀后山苗族群体男性与云南耿马佤族、勐腊克木族、怒江怒族、西藏察隅僜人、周覃布依族、云南贡山独龙族、金平莽人最接近；该苗族群体女性与云南耿马佤族、勐腊克木族、怒江怒族、西藏察隅僜人、周覃布依族、云南贡山独龙族、云南金平莽人、西藏米林珞巴族及错那门巴族最接近，仁怀苗族属蒙古人种南亚类型。

Physical anthropology of the Miao nationality of Renhuai in Guizhou

Objective To accumulate data for the physical anthropology research of Miao nationality adults,and to find out the kinship and difference between this group and the other 12 nationalities. Methods Viviperception and measurement was used to study the caudomedial part traits of 376 Miao nationality adults (194 males and 182 females) who lived in Renhuai city in Guizhou,and statistical software SPSS13.0 was used to process data. Results Straight thunmb more than straight thumb hyperextension type of the Miao nationality of Renhuai city in Guizhou(males 66.5%,females 58.8%), glabrous of middle finger more than pileous(males 56.2%,females 58.3%), ring finger of most males and females were more than the index finger(males 88.7%,females 91.8%).A host of their handedness(males 90.7%，females 94.5%),arm folding(males 53.1 %，females 54.4%) were type R, and most of their hand clasping(males 73.7%，females 72.5%) were type L.The difference of limb length between men and women was significantly obvious（EM>P /EM>0.05），except the length of the upper and lower extremities（EM>P/EM> ＞0.05）.The majority of males were trunk type(49%) and more females tended to be long trunk type(46.2%).Numerous males belonged to wide hand(34.0%), and more females tended to be narrow hand(42.3%).More males tended to be trunk type(49.0%), and more females tended to be Long trunk type(46.2%). Most of males were submakroskelic type and mesatiskelic type(each account for 34%).More of females tended to be Submakroskelic type .Conclusion The physical character of the Miao nationality living in Houshan township of Renhuai city in Guizhou is most closely related to the Wa nationality in Yunnan Gengma, Kemu nationality in Yunnan Mengna, Nu nationality in Nu river, Deng in Modern Tibet Chayu, Bouyei in Guizhou Zhouqin, Derung in Gongshan and Mang in Jinping, and females also is most closely related to the Luoba Na