北京市居民营养与健康状况调查结果

目的调查北京市居民体质、营养与健康状况及其主要影响因素、主要慢性病的流行病学特点及其变化趋势,为政府制定防病政策提供依据。方法采取多阶段分层整群随机抽样的方法,于2002年8至11月对北京市18个区县进行抽样调查,并在9个区县进行膳食调查。调查对象的基本单位为住户。对随机抽取家庭中的所有成员,在取得知情同意的情况下,进行面对面询问调查、医学体检、实验室检测和膳食调查。结果北京市≥15岁的居民高血压患病率为25．0％,≥45岁的人群高血压患病率已经超过了50％。≥15岁的居民糖尿病患病率为7．7％。成人超重和肥胖率分别为35．1％和20．6％。结论不合理膳食结构、部分微量营养素摄入不足、超重和肥胖、缺乏体育锻炼、吸烟和过度饮酒等已经成为严重影响北京市居民健康的重要因素。

Nutrition and health status of the Beijing residents

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the constitution and health status of the Beijing residents, and the primary influencing factors on nutrition and health, as to finding out the epidemiological characters and the changing trend of chronic diseases and to establish scientific basis for the establishment of public health and disease prevention policies of Beijing. METHODS: A stratified multi-stage cluster randomly sampling method was used. In total, 18 districts were surveyed, and among them, 9 were conducted dietary survey. The investigation was based on household, and all family members were surveyed at their home. After having got the compliance from the family members, question asking, medical examination, laboratory test and dietary investigation were carried out in these people. RESULTS: The incidence rate of hypertension was 25.0% for the resident > or = 15 year-old, and over 50% for middle-aged and elderly people (> or = 45 years old). The incidence of diabetes for those not younger than 15 years old was 7.7%. The over-weight rate and the obesity rate for adults were 35.1% and 20.6%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The following risk factors of chronic disease, such as unreasonable diet pattern, deficient intake of some micronutrients, over-weight and obesity, lack of physical examination, smoking and over-drinking, should be the important factors influencing the health of Beijing residents severely.