铜陵市中小学生视力减退进展情况分析

目的 了解铜陵市中小学生视力不良发生发展的趋势及规律,为开展学生视力保护工作提供参考.方法 以2004-2008年铜陵市中小学生为研究对象,按<全国学生体质健康状况调查研究实施方案>要求,每年对全市中小学在校学生视力状况进行横断面调查,并追踪观测学生个体视力的减退进展状况.结果 2004-2008年铜陵市中小学生总体视力不良率为55.93%～73.03%,男、女生视力不良率分别为57.78%和66.32%,城男、乡男、城女、乡女视力不良率分别为61.15%,50.90%,69.11%,60.59%.学生视力不良率在小学二、三年级下降之后逐年级升高,高中阶段视力不良率高达80%以上,小学五、六年级和初二至高一年级视力不良率有较大升幅.追踪观测显示.小学二至四年级和六年级视力减退率有较大升幅.结论 小学二至四年级和六年级是预防和遏制视力减退进展的重点阶段;在小学低年级阶段培养学生保持正确的学习姿势和用眼习惯是预防近视的重要措施.

A Longitudinal Study About Visual Deterioration Among Primary and Secondary .School Students in Tongling

Objective To learn development trend and rule of low vision among Tong, ling primary and secondary school students, and to pro-vide reference for students'eyesight preservation. Methods From 2004 to 2008, cross-sectional study about visual status of primary and secondary school students in Tongling was carryed out every year according to Physical health status of national student research program. Tracking observation of visual deterioration for individual student was also taken. Results Tangling students" overall rate of low vision in 2004-2008 was 55.93%-73.03% Prevalence; the rate of poor vision for male and female students were 57.78% and 66.32% , the low vision rate of male students in city and rural, female students in city and rural were 61.15%, 50.90%, 69.11% and 60.59% respectively. Low vision rate increased grade by grade after transitorily decreased in grade second and third (primary school) , low vision rate in senior high school was more than 80%, low vision rate increased rapidly in grade fifth and sixth (primary school) and in second-grade junior high school to first-grade senior high school. Tracking observation showed that vision seriously decreased in primary second to fourth and sixth-grade. Conclusion The key stage of vision loss prevention and containment was primary second to fourth and sixth-grade, the most important measures for prevention low vision is fostering correct study posture and using-eye habits in lower grade stage of primary school.