2009—2013年麻疹住院患儿的免疫状态、流行病学及临床特点

目的了解麻疹的临床及流行病学特点，探讨控制麻疹疫情流行的有效措施。方法回顾性分析2009年1月-2013年12月收治的554例麻疹住院患儿临床资料。结果554例麻疹住院患儿均有发热、咳嗽、皮疹， 临床表现为典型麻疹者507例（91.52%），轻型麻疹47例（8.48%）；以≤6月龄（176例，31.77%）和7～8月龄（346例，62.45%）患儿为主；有明确麻疹疾病接触史者132例（23.83%），患儿母亲同时患有麻疹19例（均为2013年病例，占3.43%），在麻疹潜伏期内有反复在大型医疗机构就诊输液史或住院史（均为2013年病例，同期该机构有麻疹患儿就诊输液或住院史）者227例（40.97%）。每年的1～5月为发病高峰。结论强化育龄期年轻女性的麻疹疫苗接种、在婴儿早期接种麻疹“前疫苗”及加强发热门诊的就诊管理，是预防麻疹流行的重要措施。

Immunization status,epidemiological and clinical characteristics of measles in hospitalized children in 2009—2013

ObjectiveTo realize the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of measles,and explore effective measures to control measles epidemic.MethodsClinical data of 554 hospitalized measles children between January 2009 and December 2013 were analyzed retrospectively.ResultsAll children had fever,cough, and skin rash, 507 (91.52%) had typical clinical manifestations of measles, 47(8.48%) had mild manifestations; the major population were children aged≤6 months（n=176，31.77%）and 7-8 months (n=346，62.45%）;132 (23.83%) children had contact history of confirmed measles, 19(3.43%) measles children’s mothers also developed measles (all were cases of 2013）, 227 (40.97%) children had history of repeated infusion or hospitalization in large medical institutes during the measles incubation period (all were cases of 2013,there were measles children who had infusion or hospitalization in the same hospital during the same period). The peak incidence of measles usually occurs in January May.ConclusionIntensive immunization of measles for young women of reproductive age and vaccination with “pre measles vaccine” for early infancy, and strengthening the medical management of fever outpatients are important measures to prevent measles epidemic.