乳腺癌在中国的流行状况和疾病特征

中国女性乳腺癌发病率和死亡率在全球处于比较低的水平，但呈迅速增长的趋势，尤其是农村地区近10年来上升趋势明显。我国女性乳腺癌的发病率和死亡率的年龄和地区分布具有明显特征，总体生存率估计与发展中国家持平，地区和城乡差异明显。目前，尚缺乏以人群为基础的系统资料以描述女性乳腺癌组织病理学、诊断时期别和分子分型等疾病特征的分布。我国乳腺癌的防控策略应更多地侧重于疾病监测、病因学和生存研究，并采取措施提高农村地区乳腺癌预防、筛查和临床诊治服务能力，缩小城乡之间乳腺癌的生存率差距，遏制农村死亡率上升势头。现就中国女性乳腺癌的发病、死亡和生存概况，以及乳腺癌疾病特征的分布状况作一综述。

The epidemic and characteristics of female breast cancer in China

The incidence, mortality and survivorship of female breast cancer in China, and the distribution of its several key characteristics were described briefly in this article. The breast cancer incidence and mortality rates among Chinese women were increasing rapidly, especially in rural area during the recent 10 years, though they were still in low level worldwidely. The distribution of breast cancer incidence and mortality among Chinese women by age and district were showing significant characters. The total survival rate was estimated to be closed to the average level of developing countries, while disparity between urban and rural area was recognized. Because of lacking population data, it is difficult to describe the characteristics on histological subtypes, stages on diagnosis and molecular subtypes nationwide. The national strategies on breast cancer prevention and control should be focused on disease surveillance, etiological research and survival study. Moreover, measurement should be taken to improve the capacity on breast cancer prevention, screening and clinical services in rural area, in order to narrow the gap of survivorship between urban and rural area and control the rapid increase of mortality in rural area.