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Preparedness for treating victims of terrorist attacks in Australia: Learning from recent military experience

Authors:	Jeffrey V Rosenfeld Biswadev Mitra De Villiers Smit Mark C Fitzgerald Benjamin Butson Michael Stephenson Michael C Reade

Institution:	1. Department of Neurosurgery, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia;2. Department of Surgery, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia;3. Royal Australian Army Medical Corps, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia;4. Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia;5. Clinical Research, National Trauma Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia;6. Critical Care Research, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia;7. Alfred Health Emergency, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia;8. Emergency Medicine Program, National Trauma Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia;9. Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia;10. The Alfred, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia;11. National Trauma Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia;12. Department of Surgery, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia;13. Townsville Hospital, Townsville, Queensland, Australia;14. Australian Defence Force Medical Specialist Program, 2nd General Health Battalion, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia;15. LifeFlight Retrieval Medicine, Townsville, Queensland, Australia;16. Ambulance Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia;17. Department of Community Emergency Health and Paramedic Practice, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia;18. Australian Defence Force Professor of Military Medicine and Surgery, The University of Queensland and Joint Health Command, Australian Defence Force, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia;19. 2nd General Health Battalion Australian Army, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia;20. Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia

Abstract:	The Australian health system is generally well prepared for mass casualty events. Fortunately, there have been very few terrorist attacks and these have involved low numbers of casualties compared with events overseas. Nevertheless, Australian health professionals need to be prepared to treat mass casualties with blast and ballistic trauma. The US military and its allies including Australia have had extensive experience with mass casualty management in the Middle East and Afghanistan wars for more than a decade. To define their experience, they developed the Tactical Combat Casualty Care Guidelines that have saved many lives. It is now prudent to incorporate this knowledge and experience into civilian practice in Australia.

Keywords:	explosions mass casualty incidents terrorism

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