吸烟者戒烟意愿及影响因素分析

目的探讨沈阳市吸烟人群有戒烟意愿的人口学特征及影响因素,为有关部门制定有效的控烟措施提供科学依据。方法 2006年4～8月,在沈阳市内五区,采用多阶段分层随机整群抽样的方法 ,按照"街道→社区→家庭→调查对象"四个阶段进行抽样。其中,第一阶段使用按容量比例概率抽样法(PPS)抽取10个街道;第二阶段按PPS法在每个街道内抽取2个社区;第三阶段使用简单随机抽样法在每个社区抽取300户家庭;第四阶段使用简单随机抽样法在300户家庭中抽取100名成年吸烟者作为调查对象;每个居委会至少调查40名吸烟者;最终在沈阳市抽取调查了801名成年吸烟者。结果沈阳市吸烟者中有戒烟意愿者的比例为30.7%;男性有戒烟意愿者的比例(29.8%)远低于女性(46.7%);职业分布中,以国家机关党群组织负责人中有戒烟意愿的比例最高达47.5%,其次为离退休人员36.7%,以专业技术人员有戒烟意愿的比例最低为21.4%。影响因素分析发现:亲人反对、社会舆论、对健康的影响、控烟宣传的力度、健康警示信息的普及、对烟草相关疾病的知晓程度以及对戒烟产品和戒烟服务的接触均会影响吸烟者戒烟意愿的产生。结论通过普及烟草危害的健康教育,提倡亲人积极参与吸烟者戒烟活动,丰富烟草包装健康警示信息,提高控烟宣传力度以及推广戒烟产品和戒烟服务等措施可以很好地提高沈阳市吸烟者戒烟意愿的产生。

The willingness of smoking cessation and its determinants

Objective To explore the determinants of willingness to quit smoking among regular smokers,and to provide a scientific basis for establishing smoking cessation strategies for adult smokers.Methods The study was conducted between April to August 2006.A stratified multistage cluster sampling design was used to select residents from 10 streets in Shenyang.Households were then randomly selected from the communities of the selected streets.The average of 40 adult smokers were selected from each of 20 communities.The information of age,gender and smoking status was collected from 801 participants.Results The rate of voluntary cessation of smoking was 30.7%（29.8% in male and 46.7% in female）.The government employees had the highest proportion of voluntary cessation of smoking（47.5%）,followed by retired population（36.7%）and technical professionals（21.4%）.The associated factors of smoking cessation include objection from relatives,public opinion,the advocacy efforts and measures of tobacco control.Conclusion The proportion of voluntary smoking cessation was low in Shenyang.Additional advocacy efforts and control measures should be taken to encourage the cessation of smoking.