舟山海岛地区孕妇及新生儿内环境汞暴露现状调查研究

目的调查研究舟山地区孕妇及新生儿汞暴露现状,为相关防治措施的制定提供科学依据。方法选择2006年3月～2007年7月在舟山市妇幼保健医院分娩的舟山本地户籍孕妇及其新生儿作为本次研究对象,对孕妇尿、血、头发及其新生儿脐带血进行汞含量测定,并进行书面问卷调查。结果本研究共测定孕妇尿汞样2 190份,算术平均值为2.58μg/L;发汞3 109份,算术平均值为1.27 mg/kg;血汞3 337份,算术平均值为5.40μg/L;新生儿脐带血汞样本2 998份,算术平均值为7.71μg/L;获得孕妇尿汞、发汞、血汞及新生儿脐带血汞相对应样本及问卷1 554份,研究显示孕妇的尿汞值、发汞值、血汞值、新生儿脐血汞值存在关联性,其中孕妇血汞值与脐血汞值关联性最强（r=0.600,P〈0.01）,其他的相关系数均小于0.20。孕妇吃鱼次数与尿汞、血汞和新生儿脐带血汞水平相关。结论舟山地区孕妇尿、血和脐带血汞量与孕妇吃鱼次数有关,有很大比例的孕妇和新生儿有潜在的汞危害,需要进一步采取措施进行干预。

Survey on maternal mercury exposure and its association with neonate in Zhoushan islands

Objective To investigate the mercury exposure of pregnant women and its association with newborns in Zhoushan Island,and to provide a scientific basis for taking some relevant preventive measures.Methods An informed consent questionnaire and mercury exposure testing were performed for pregnant women who gave birth between March,2006 and July,2007 in Zhoushan Maternal and Children Health Hospital.The tested samples included urine,blood,hair as well as umbilical cord blood of pregnant women.Results 2 190 urine samples of the pregnant women were tested and average concentration of mercury was 2.58 μg/L.The mercury concentration of hair and blood were 1.27mg/kg and 5.40 μg/L for 3 109 and 3 337 samples,respectively.2 998 umbilical cord blood samples had the mercury concentration of 7.71 μg/L on average.1 554 cases of pregnant women had complete mercury testing results of urinary,hair,blood and umbilical cord blood samples and questionnaires.The results indicated the strongest correlation of maternal blood mercury with cord blood mercury（r=0.600,P〈0.01）among all the samples.The mercury concentration of urine,blood and umbilical cord blood were related to the times of seafood consumption.Conclusion Seafood was associated with the mercury exposure of pregnant women in Zhoushan Island.Preventive measures need to be taken to protect pregnant women from the hazard of mercury exposure.