杭州市萧山区人群腹泻病发病及就诊现况分析

目的了解杭州市萧山区人群腹泻病发生、就诊和疾病负担现况,为腹泻病预防控制提供基础信息。方法采用横断面调查方法 ,整群抽取3个镇部分人群,一年内分4次入户回顾性调查居民2周、15～30 d和31～90 d内腹泻病发病、就诊和医疗费用情况。统计学处理采用EpiData 3.0软件,率的差异性检验用χ2检验,P〈0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果居民2周内腹泻病发病率为1.58%,依此推算年发病率为41.19%。腹泻病就诊率28.62%。未就诊主要原因为症状轻（83.66%）。未就诊采取的主要方式为药店自行购药（36.88%）和服用家庭自备药（35.64%）。就诊者大多选择乡镇卫生院/社区卫生服务中心（76.54%）。医疗费用平均每人次35.07元,其中门诊就诊费用平均每人次102.66元,1～5岁年龄组平均每人次医疗费用最高（147.61元）。结论萧山区人群腹泻病年发病率较高,就诊率较低,使用自购药和自备药现象普遍,存在肠道传染病未能及时发现和滥用抗生素的隐患,需进一步加强防治工作和用药指导。

Incidence of diarrhea and hospital visiting of the patients with diarrhea in Xiaoshan district,Hangzhou city

Objective To investigate the disease burden,occurrence and the hospital visit situation of patients with diarrhea in Xiaoshan district,Hangzhou city,and to provide basis for prevention and control of the disease.Methods A cross-sectional investigation was adopted.The participants were selected by cluster sampling and retrospectively investigated 4 times a year for occurrence,hospital visit and medical costs of diarrhea during the recent 2 weeks,15~30 days and 31-90 days.Software Epidata 3.0 was used to analyze the data.Chi-square test was used to compare the observed frequencies.P0.05 was considered as significant.Results The incidence rate of diarrhea was 1.58% for the participants,and the annual incidence rate was 41.19%.28.62% of the diarrhea patients visited hospital.The main reason for not visiting hospital was that the patients′ symptoms were mild（83.66%）.36.88% of the patients who didn′t visit hospital bought medicines from drugstores and 35.64% of the patients took family-owned medicines.76.54% of the patients visited township hospitals or community health centers and the average medical cost was 35.07 yuan per person/ time.The outpatient cost was 102.66 yuan per person/time.The patients aged 1~5 years had the highest medical costs（147.61 yuan on average）.Conclusion The population of Xiaoshan district has a higher incidence rate and a lower visit rate of diarrhea.Patients would like to take family-owned or pharmacy medicines.Medication guide is in urgent need for the patients with diarrhea in Xiaoshan district.