南昌市某新区流动儿童基础免疫状况分析

目的探讨南昌市某新区流动儿童管理方法,为该区制定流动儿童免疫策略提供依据。方法从某新区4个片区随机抽取流动、常住儿童各240名,对抽取的儿童进行上门调查并按《南昌市儿童基础免疫接种情况调查表》逐项填写儿童基本信息、基础免疫接种情况,并对被调查儿童监护人预防接种知识、文化程度、影响接种因素进行调查分析。数据采用EpiData软件录入,使用EpiInfo2002软件进行统计学分析。结果该新区流动儿童预防接种信息系统录入率71.25%、建证率73.33%、各疫苗全程接种率分别为卡介苗74.17%、脊髓灰质炎疫苗70.00%、百白破73.75%、麻疹75.00%、乙肝71.67%、乙脑73.75%、流脑72.08%、甲肝66.67%、基础免疫全程覆盖率70.42%,均低于常住儿童。流动儿童基础免疫全程覆盖率随着监护人学历的提高而增加,监护人学历为高中及以上、初中及以下、文盲的基础免疫全程覆盖率分别为88.89%、67.65%、40.65%。结论调查结果表明,该新区应加大建筑工地、农民拆迁还建区,与临界县区交界区流动人口的免疫规划知识宣传力度;加强流动儿童免疫接种的管理及基础免疫的查漏补种工作。

Basic immunization among migrant children in a district of Nanchang City

Objective To investigate the implementation status of vaccination programs among migrant children in a district of Nanchang City,and to improve the service for migrant children.MethodsTwo hundred and forty resident children and 240 migrant children were randomly selected from the district.Questionnaire survey was conducted among the parents of the participants for the children′s basic information,their parents′ knowledge of immunization schedules,educational level and the factors affecting vaccination.ResultsThe rates of entry into Immunization Information System（71.25%）,owning of immunization certificate（73.34%）,and the full course rates of immunization of BCG（74.14%）,OPV（70.0%）,DPT（73.75%）,MV（75.0%）,Hepatitis B vaccine（71.67%）,Japanese encephalitis vaccine（73.35%）,epidemic meningitis vaccine（72.08%）,hepatitis A vaccine（66.67%） and full course coverage rate（70.42%） among the migrant children were all lower than those of resident children.The full immunization coverage rate among the migrant children increased with the rising of educational level of the parents（88.89%,67.65%,40.65% respectively for parents with high school or higher-level education,junior high school or lower level education,and the illiteracies）.ConclusionPropaganda of knowledge of vaccination programs should be developed among the migrant population.Immunization management should be strengthened and supplementary immunization should be adopted among the migrant children.