1894例青藏高原道路交通伤分析

目的探讨青藏高原道路交通伤的流行病学特点，寻求有效的预防高原交通事故的方法和交通伤患者的急救措施。方法回顾性统计分析我院1980年1月-2000年12月救治的有较详细记录的1894例道路交通伤病案和门、急诊室相关登记。结果21年间，青藏高原道路交通伤共1894例；大部分的交通伤发生在青藏公路上，占68．0％(1288／1894)；交通伤患者损伤较重，需要住院治疗者占54．0％(1022／1894)；患者以内地初到高原者居多，占61．1％(1158／1894)；死亡108例，死亡率5．7％；受伤至就诊时间较长，平均后送时间为6h以上；就诊前大多数患者无任何处理措施。结论高原缺氧、道路不明、疲劳驾驶是造成交通事故的主要原因；沿途缺乏医疗卫生机构、严重缺氧、后送时间长和后送人员医疗卫生知识较差是造成交通伤患者死亡率较高的原因。

Analysis on 1894 cases of road traffic injuries in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

ObjectiveTo discuss the epidemiological characteristic s of road traffic injuries in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and explore effective pre ventive measures against traffic accidents in the plateau as well as correspondi ng emergency treatment methods.MethodsA retrospective statis tical analysis was carried out in 1 894 cases of traffic injuries with detailed data admitted in our hospital from January 1980 to December 2000. Resu ltsMost of the traffic accidents occurred on the Qinghai-Tibet road, accounting for 68.0% (1 288/1 894). Of the patients with serious traffic inju ries, 54.0% (1 022/1 894) were in need of hospitalization. The patients who first entered into the plateau accounted for 61.1% (1 158/ 1 894). Death occurre d in 108 cases accounting for 5.7%. The duration from injury to treatment was ve ry long, average over six hours. Furthermore, the patients received no any manag ement before treatment in the hospital. ConclusionsHypoxia i n the plateau, unclear road sign and fatigue driving are the main factors leadin g to traffic accidents. Lack of health care units, serious hypoxia, long deliver y time and carriers' deficiency in medical knowledge are the main causes for gr eat amount of casualties.