山西省太原市青少年吸烟行为影响因素结构方程模型分析

目的了解青少年吸烟行为的影响因素,为干预提供依据。方法采用中国疾病预防控制中心设计的青少年烟草广告调查问卷对3824名中学生进行调查,并利用结构方程模型分析。结果单因素分析显示:影响青少年吸烟行为的有性别(χ2=328.37,P<0.01)、年龄(χ2=97.07,P<0.01)、家人吸烟比例(χ2=6.93,P<0.01)、朋友吸烟比例(χ2=582.19,P<0.01)、父母态度(χ2=229.05,P<0.01)、朋友态度(χ2=378.35,P<0.01)、班级成绩(χ2=81.54,P<0.01)、烟草广告暴露(χ2=16.79,P<0.01)。结构方程模型结果显示,对青少年吸烟行为有直接作用的有吸烟态度(β=0.10,P<0.05)、烟草广告暴露(β=0.08,P<0.05)、健康知识(β=-0.07,P<0.05)、吸烟环境(β=0.65,P<0.05),烟草健康知识(β=-0.005,P<0.05)和吸烟环境(β=0.08,P<0.05)对吸烟行为还有间接作用。最终模型的拟合指数结果显示模型的拟合优度效果较好,所有的路径系数、载荷系数及其他参数估计差异均有统计学意义。结论只有家庭、社会、学校以及各方面有机结合起来,才能有效的控制青少年的吸烟行为。

Analysis on smoking behaviors influencing factors among middle school students of Taiyuan by structural equation model

Objective To understand adolescent smoking behaviors and analyze its influence factors.Methods By using youth tobacco advertising questionnaire designed by Chinese center for disease control and prevention,3824 middle school students were investigated,and data were analyzed by structural equation model.Results Univariate analysis showed that the impact factors of smoking behavior were sex（χ2=328.37,P0.01）,age（χ2=97.07,P0.01）,the proportion of family smoking（χ2=6.93,P0.01）,friends smoking ratio（χ2=582.19,P0.01）,attitudes of parents（χ2=229.05,P0.01）,attitudes of friends（χ2=378.35,P0.01）,class performance（χ2=81.54,P0.01）,explore to tobacco advertising（χ2=16.79,P0.01）.Structural equation model showed that attitudes to smoking（β=0.10,P0.05）,explore to tobacco advertisement（β=0.08,P0.05）health knowledge related to tobacco（β=-0.07,P0.05）and smoking environment（β=0.65,P0.05）had direct effect on students smoking behavior.Health knowledge（β=-0.005,P0.05）and tobacco advertisement（β=0.085,P0.05）had a indirect effects on smoking behavior.The fitting index of the last model showed the model had good fitness,all of path coefficients,estimated load factors and other parameters had statistically significant.Conclusion It is necessary that families,community,schools,and other aspects should be combined together to control adolescent smoking behavior and reduce smoking rates.