高血压患者无症状性颅内动脉狭窄及其相关因素研究

目的明确高血压患者中无症状性颅内动脉狭窄的患病率、分布特点及其危险因素。方法对231例原发性高血压住院患者行颅内动脉CT血管造影（CTA）检查,有脑血管病或病史者不进入本研究。狭窄程度〉50％判定为颅内动脉狭窄。结果颅内动脉CTA示69例高血压患者存在颅内动脉狭窄,患病率为29．87％（69／231）。大脑中动脉狭窄最为常见（43．69％）,其次为颈内动脉颅内段（20．39％）。颈内动脉系统血管狭窄率（78．64％）明显高于椎基底动脉系统（21．56％）。颅内动脉狭窄组的年龄、高血压病程、收缩压、脉压、血总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇,脂蛋白（a）、2型糖尿病、尿微量白蛋白和室间隔厚度等均显著高于非狭窄组,高密度脂蛋胆固醇显著低于非狭窄组。logistic多元回归分析结果表明：收缩压（OR 1．650,95％CI 1．134～2．400,P=0．023）、高血压病程（OR1．238,95％CI1．072～1．429,P=0．006）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（OR2．103,95％CI1．157～3．823,P=0．014）、2型糖尿病（OR 2．325,95％CI1．161～4．341,P=0．011）是颅内动脉狭窄的独立相关因素。结论在住院高血压患者中近30％存在无症状性颅内动脉狭窄,以大脑中动脉狭窄最常见。高血压和糖脂代谢紊乱是发生颅内动脉狭窄的主要危险因素。

Prevalence and risk factors of asymptomatic intracranial vascular stenosis in patients with essential hypertension

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and the distribution pattern of lesion site of intracranial vascular stenosis and to identify risk factors for the stenosis in patients with essential hypertension. METHODS: A total of 231 consecutive inpatients with essential hypertension were included in this study. Patients with the history of cerebrovascular diseases and relevant neurological symptoms were excluded. Intracranial vascular stenosis (>50% diameter reduction) was detected using CT angiography (CTA). RESULTS: Of 231 patients, 69 (29.87%) had intracranial artery stenosis. The most common stenosis site is middle cerebral artery (43.69%), followed by carotid siphon (20.39%). The stenosis in internal carotid arterial system (78.64%) was more common than in vertebrobasilar arterial system (21.56%, P < 0.05). The patients with intracranial vascular stenosis were older, had longer history of hypertension, higher levels of systolic blood pressure, higher plasma cholesterol, higher LDL-C. Lp (a), higher urinary microalbumin excretion, thicker ventricular septum, and lower levels of HDL-C than the patients without stenosis. Logistic analysis showed that systolic blood pressure (OR 1.650, 95% CI 1.134 - 2.400, P = 0.023), course of hypertension (OR 1.238, 95% CI 1.072 - 1.429, P = 0.006), LDL-C (OR 2.103, 95% CI 1.157 - 3.823, P = 0.014) and type 2 diabetes (OR 2.325, 95% CI 1.161 - 4.341, P = 0.011) were the independent risk factors of asymptomatic intracranial arterial stenosis. CONCLUSIONS: Nearly 30% inpatients with essential hypertension had asymptomatic intracranial artery stenosis. The most common site of stenosis was middle cerebral artery. Hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes were risk factors for the development of intracranial arterial stenosis.