Update on Three Dimensional Echocardiography

Major advances in 3-dimensional echocardiography (3DE) technology have taken place in the last decade. The advent of real-time 3D by transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography resulted in improved image spatial resolution. Therefore, a superior visualization of the heart morphology and functionality has enabled unparalleled visualization of valves and subvalvular anatomic features, beyond the evaluation of left and right ventricles function. In this review, we discuss the incremental role of 3DE in clinical diagnosis and invasive procedures, as well as new upcoming findings regarding 3DE new applications and volumetric quantification.