| Institution: | 1. Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, 12 Science Drive 2, #10-01, Singapore 117549, Singapore;2. Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, S. Zorig St-3, P.O. Box 48/111, Ulaanbaatar 14210, Mongolia;3. Expanded Programme on Immunization, World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western Pacific, United Nations Ave Corner Taft Ave, Manila 1000, Philippines;4. Ministry of Health and Sports, Government Building VIII, Olympic Street 2, Sukhbaatar District, Ulaanbaatar 14210, Mongolia;5. Pneumococcal and International Child Health Research Groups, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children''s Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia;6. Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children''s Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC, Australia;7. Modelling and Economics Unit, Public Health England, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, United Kingdom;8. Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom |
| Abstract: | ObjectiveThe Ministry of Health (MOH), Mongolia, is considering introducing 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) in its national immunization programme to prevent the burden of disease caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. This study evaluates the cost-effectiveness and budget impact of introducing PCV13 compared to no PCV vaccination in Mongolia.MethodsThe incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of introducing PCV13 compared to no PCV vaccination was assessed using an age-stratified static multiple cohort model. The risk of various clinical presentations of pneumococcal disease (meningitis, pneumonia, non-meningitis non-pneumonia invasive pneumococcal disease and acute otitis media) at all ages for thirty birth cohorts was assessed. The analysis considered both health system and societal perspectives. A 3 + 0 vaccine schedule and price of US$3.30 per dose was assumed for the baseline scenario based on Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance’s advance market commitment tail price.ResultsThe ICER of PCV13 introduction is estimated at US$52 per disability-adjusted life year (DALY) averted (health system perspective), and cost-saving (societal perspective). Although indirect effects of PCV have been well-documented, a conservative scenario that does not consider indirect effects estimated PCV13 introduction to cost US$79 per DALY averted (health system perspective), and US$19 per DALY averted (societal perspective). Vaccination with PCV13 is expected to cost around US$920,000 in 2016, and thereafter US$820,000 every year. The programme is likely to reduce direct disease-related costs to MOH by US$440,000 in the first year, increasing to US$510,000 by 2025.ConclusionIntroducing PCV13 as part of Mongolia’s national programme appears to be highly cost-effective when compared to no vaccination and cost-saving from a societal perspective at vaccine purchase prices offered through Gavi. Notwithstanding uncertainties around some parameters, cost-effectiveness of PCV introduction for Mongolia remains robust over a range of conservative scenarios. Availability of high-quality national data would improve future economic analyses for vaccine introduction. |
