Cross reactivity of immune responses to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection |
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| Institution: | 1. School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, United States;2. Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, United States;1. College of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Longyan, China;2. Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology;3. College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China;1. Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, 1971 Commonwealth Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA;2. Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA;1. Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases Diagnostic and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;2. Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China;1. Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA;2. Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland, UK |
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| Abstract: | Because porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) exhibits extensive genetic variation among field isolates, characterizing the extent of cross reactivity of immune responses, and most importantly cell-mediated immunity (CMI), could help in the development of broadly cross-protective vaccines. We infected 12 PRRSV-naïve pigs with PRRSV strain FL12 and determined the number of interferon (IFN)-γ secreting cells (SC) by ELISpot assay using ten type 2 and one type 1 PRRSV isolates as recall antigens. The number of IFN-γ SC was extremely variable among animals, and with exceptions, late to appear. Cross reactivity of IFN-γ SC among type 2 isolates was broad, and we found no evidence of an association between increased genetic distance among isolates and the intensity of the CMI response. Comparable to IFN-γ SC, total antibodies evaluated by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) were cross reactive, however, neutralizing antibody titers could only be detected against the strain used for infection. Finally, we observed a moderate association between homologous IFN-γ SC and neutralizing antibodies. |
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| Keywords: | Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) Cell-mediated immunity Interferon-γ T cell cross reactivity Heterologous immunity |
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