Evaluation of bone turnover markers and serum minerals variations for predicting fracture healing versus non-union processes in adult sheep as a model for orthopedic research |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Center Hospitalar of Porto, Largo Prof. Abel Salazar 4099-001 Porto, Portugal;2. Department of Veterinary Clinics Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, University Campus, Av. Carballo Calero, 27002 Lugo, Spain;3. Department of Veterinary Sciences, Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences School (ECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;4. CITAB – Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal;5. Department of Animal Sciences, ECAV, UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal;6. CECAV – Centre for Animal Sciences and Veterinary Studies, UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal;7. Institute of Experimental Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua larga, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal;8. 3B’s Research Group – Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal;9. ICVS/3B’s – PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal;1. Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital of Giessen, Giessen, Germany;2. Oral Surgery Practice, Giessen, Germany;3. Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Giessen, Giessen, Germany;4. Institute for Medical Statistics, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany;5. Institute for Pathology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany;1. Department of Clinical Research-VPH, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Switzerland;2. Center Pigmod, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences of Czech Republic, Libechov, Czech Republic;3. ImmunoTools, Friesoythe, Germany;1. Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand;2. Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand;3. Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkla, Thailand |
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| Abstract: | Bone turnover markers (BTMs) have been considered as an auxiliary method of following the fracture healing process and for early prediction of impaired bone healing. A better understanding of the potential of BTMs in this application could allow for earlier interventions and improved patient care. The aim of this study with a large animal experimental model was to assess the variation of bone formation markers − namely the total alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and its bone-specific isoform (BALP), serum concentration of intact osteocalcin (OC), N-terminal propeptide type III procollagen (PIIINP) and of bone resorption markers – namely tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and deoxypyridinoline crosslink (DPD) during the first stages of a normal fracture healing process and of a segmental critical size defect (CSD), which progresses to a non-union process. Thirty healthy female sheep (Portuguese Churra-da-Terra-Quente breed), approximately 4-years-old, were enrolled in this study. Jugular venous blood samples were collected pre-operatively and at 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 post-operative weeks. The animals of the CSD group showed significant lower serum levels of BALP, OC and significant higher serum PIIINP levels at early stages of the fracture healing process, compared with animals that progressed in a normal fracture healing process. Serum BALP, OC and PIIINP levels could be useful as non-invasive auxiliary tools with other complementary methods for predicting the outcome of traumatic bone fractures. |
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| Keywords: | Bone turnover markers Fracture healing process Non-union Delayed union Critical size defect Sheep |
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