Avian influenza H5N1 vaccination efficacy in Egyptian backyard poultry |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt;2. Institute of Medical Virology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Schubertstrasse 81, 35392 Giessen, Germany;3. Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA;4. Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt;5. Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, Houston, TX, USA;6. Human Link, Hazmieh, Lebanon;1. Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon;2. Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon;3. Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon;4. Medical Laboratory Sciences Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon;5. Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon;1. Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;2. Laboratorio Nacional de Virologia, Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua;3. Centro de Salud Sócrates Flores Vivas, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua;4. Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua;5. Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA;1. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States;2. Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States;3. Animal Resources Program, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States;4. Department of Pathology, Section of Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States;5. Department of Chemistry, Wake Forest University, United States;1. Institut Pasteur, Molecular Prevention and Therapy of Human Infections Unit, Paris, France;2. ACTIV, Association Clinique Thérapeutique Infantile du Val de Marne, Saint Maur des Fossés, France;3. AFPA, Association Française de Pédiatrie Ambulatoire, Villeneuve les Avignons, France;4. Université Paris Est, IMRB-GRC GEMINI, Créteil, France;5. Clinical Research Center (CRC), Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, France;6. Service de pédiatrie et réanimation néonatales, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud (HUPS), Antoine Béclère, Clamart, France;7. Unité Court Séjour, Petits nourrissons, Service de Néonatalogie, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, France;1. Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA;2. W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA;3. Department of Internal Medicine, University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA;4. Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA;5. Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA;6. Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA |
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| Abstract: | Raising backyard poultry under low biosecurity conditions is a common practice in Egypt. While vaccination is routinely applied in Egypt in commercial settings to curb the spread of avian influenza viruses, it remains less commonly used in backyard settings. We assessed the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a H5N1 vaccine based on a contemporary Egyptian clade 2.2.1.2 virus among turkeys, ducks, geese, and chickens raised together in a backyard setting. Results showed that this vaccine elicits an immune response in all tested species reaching up to a hemagglutination inhibition titer of 10 log2 after a booster dose. However, this response varied between species. When challenged, vaccinated birds survived and shed less virus in comparison with unvaccinated birds. However, unvaccinated ducks showed no symptoms of infection and survived the duration of the experiment. Moreover, vaccinated ducks shed more virus as compared to vaccinated birds of other species. Hence, we recommend avoiding mixing various species in the backyards of Egypt. Our data indicates that vaccination can be effective in the backyard setting in Egypt, although planning should consider the species covered. |
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| Keywords: | Avian influenza virus H5N1 Vaccine Egypt Backyard |
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