山东省儿童乙肝疫苗接种率及其影响因素调查

[目的]了解山东省儿童乙肝疫苗接种率及其影响因素.[方法]1999年9月,采用世界卫生组织推荐的分层多阶段按容量比例概率随机抽样方法(PPS),在山东省城乡105个县(市、区)抽取840名1997年1月1日至12月31日出生的儿童,对其进行乙肝疫苗接种率及其影响因素的调查.[结果]840名儿童中,707名在1岁内完成3针乙肝疫苗的全程接种,接种率为84.17%.经单因素卡方分析发现,平原、经济收入低的农村地区,父母为农民、母亲文化程度为初中以下、儿童自费医疗保健、未参加计划免疫保偿、家长缺乏乙肝预防知识、在家出生、看护人认为乙肝疫苗价格高、乙肝疫苗一次性收费、第1针乙肝疫苗不在医院接种等因素,均影响乙肝疫苗接种率的提高.多因素Logistic回归分析发现,女童、自费医疗保健儿童、乙肝疫苗接种卡证登记不全、看护人缺乏乙肝疫苗接种知识、家长对儿童接种乙肝疫苗自觉性低、接种乙肝疫苗一次性收费及没有在医院接种第1针乙肝疫苗等因素,影响儿童乙肝疫苗接种率的提高.[结论]影响儿童乙肝疫苗接种率的主要因素是对乙肝预防知识了解不够.因此,加大乙肝疫苗接种的宣传力度,使群众了解预防乙肝的重要性,是提高乙肝疫苗接种率的关键.

The Immunization Coverage Rate of Hepatitis B Vaccine in Children and Its Influence Factors

Objective]In order to understand the immunization coverage rate of hepatitis B vaccine of the children in Shandong Province and its influence factors.840 children born in 1997 were selected using PPS sampling methods and their immunization coverage rate and influence factors were investigated.Of 840 children, 707 were finished 3 doses vaccination within the age of one year old. The immunization coverage rate of hepatitis B vaccine of children in was 84 17%. In chi-square test analysis, plain area, rural area of low income, children's medical health care being at their own expense, not joining the guarantee for plan of immunization, the price of hepatitis B vaccine being too dear, the collecting fees for three times of immunization being at once and the first time of immunization not being in hospital significantly affected the increasing of immunization coverage rate of hepatitis B vaccine respectively. In multi-factorial Logistic regression analysis, seven factors affect increasing of immunization coverage rate. They are female children, children's medical health care being at their own expense, not having completely immunization register of hepatitis B vaccine, lacking immunization knowledge of hepatitis B vaccine in caretaker, not being voluntary to get their children vaccinated, collecting fees for three times of immunization being at first time and first time of immunization not being in hospital.[Conclusions]The mainly influence factor of the immunization coverage rate of hepatitis B vaccine in children of Shandong province is people lack hepatitis B preventive knowledge. Therefore, to strengthen immunization propaganda and to make people comprehend importance of hepatitis prevention is the key of improving the timely immunization rate of hepatitis B vaccine.