广州市萝岗区农村居民健康素养状况及健康教育需求调查

目的了解广州市萝岗区农村居民健康素养状况及健康需求，为在农村开展健康教育及健康促进干预工作提供参考依据。方法采取分层随机整群抽样的方法，抽取萝岗区九龙镇4个行政村866名14-65岁常住居民，采用自行设计的问卷对调查对象健康知识、健康理念、生活方式和行为以及健康教育需求进行调查。结果共收回有效问卷860份，调查对象健康知识知晓率为52.4％，男性为52.1％，女性为52.7％，〈30岁、30岁-、〉50岁3个年龄组的知晓率分别为53.2％、56.7％和45.2％。39.3％的调查对象对健康有正确的认识态度，女性比男性更注重健康，〈30岁组和30岁一组的健康理念更为科学。调查对象健康行为形成率在17.7％-95.2％之间，女性的健康行为形成率大多高于男性，而不良行为形成率全部低于男性（P〈0.05），大部分健康行为形成率均以〉50岁组最低，不良行为形成率则均以〉50岁组最高（P〈0.017）。居民易于接受的健康宣传方式是广播电视（62.2％）、专家咨询讲座（52.4％），而实际获得的健康教育服务健康资料发放为17.2％，健康咨询讲座为10.7％。结论萝岗区农村居民健康素养有待提高，今后健康教育和健康促进工作应针对慢病防治知识、膳食营养知识、健康行为技能开展，以电视、专家咨询讲座、发放保健资料为主要传播方式。

Survey on health literacy status and health education needs among rural residents of Luogang District in Guangzhou

Objective To understand the current situation of the health literacy and the health education needs among rural residents, to provide evidence for intervention strategies. Methods Multi-stage sampling was used to recruit the study subjects and face to face interview was used to collect information. 866 residents aged 14-65 years old in four villages of Luogang District were investigated. Results The average rate of health knowledge was 52.4%, 52.1% for males and 52.7% for females, 53.2% in the under 30 age group, 56.7% in 30 - 50 age group and 45.2% in above 50 age group. 39.3% of the respondents had correct health attitudes. The formation rate of healthy behaviors was between 17.7% and 95.2%, females better than males regarding healthy behaviors but lower in the formation rate of unhealthy behaviors. People hoped to get information from TV and broadcast （62.2%）, expert advices and health lectures （52.4%） The actual percentages of residents having accessed to health promotional materials and health lectures were 17.2% and 10.7%, respectively. Conclusion The level for the health literacy of rural resident needed to be improved. Health education and promotion should concentrate on the knowledge of the chronic disease prevention, nutrition, hygiene and the skills of health behavior. TV and broadcast, expert advice and health lecture, and healthcare material should be the main measures for health communication.