甲状腺乳头状癌不规范手术的弊端和补救

目的分析甲状腺乳头状癌不规范手术的弊端，探讨甲状腺乳头状癌不规范手术后补救手术的必要性和方式。方法总结1990年1月—2000年1月因行甲状腺乳头状癌不规范手术后又在浙江省肿瘤医院头颈外科补救手术的332例和同期在头颈外科行初次规范手术的甲状腺乳头状癌561例的临床及病理资料，对相关内容进行对比。结果补救手术者术后病理证实原发灶区肿瘤阳性率53．9％（179／332），颈淋巴转移率39．2％（130／332），颈前肌保存率30．7％（102／332），甲状旁腺明确保存率74．1％（246／332），喉返神经损伤发生率3．3％（11／332），原发灶区5年复发率7．5％（25／332），总的5年、10年累积生存率分别90．2％、84．4％。初次治疗者颈淋巴转移率37．4％（210／561），颈前肌保存率96．1％（539／561），甲状旁腺明确保存率93．0％（522／561），喉返神经损伤发生率1．2％（7／561），原发灶区5年复发率3．7％（21／561），总的5年、10年累积生存率分别94．0％、92．5％。全组原发灶区复发患者10年累积生存率67．8％，未复发患者10年累积生存率92．9％。统计学分析显示补救组与初次组间颈前肌保存率、甲状旁腺明确保存率、原发灶区5年复发率的差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）；喉返神经损伤发生率差异也有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。复发患者生存率低于无复发者，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论甲状腺乳头状癌不规范手术后原发灶区有较高的肿瘤阳性率，有必要行补救手术，但即使补救手术仍将导致较高的复发率，进而影响生存状况。同时二次手术将增加功能损伤的发生率，因而首次手术的规范化不容忽视。

Treatment for thyroid papillary cancer after nonstandard operation

Objective To evaluate the disadvantage of nonstandard operation for thyroid papillary cancer, and the value of re-operation. Methods Eight hundred and ninety three thyroid papillary cancer patients (332 patients who received nonstandard operation received re-operation and 561 patients who received first standard operation in Zhejiang Cancer Hospital from January 1990 to January 2000) were retrospectively reviewed. Results Pathological results confirmed that there were 53.9% cases with residual cancer in re-operative specimen. The parathyroid was preserved in 74.1% cases in re-operation and 93.0% cases in standard operation(P<0.01). The recurrent laryngeal nerve was injured in 3.3% cases in re-operation and 1.2% cases in standard operation(P<0.05). The positive neck lymph node was 39.2% and 37.4%( P>0.05), the 5-year local recurrence rate was 7.5% and 3.7%( P<0.01), the total 5-year and 10-year cum-survival rates were 90.2%, 84.4% in patients with re-operation and 94.0%, 92.5% in patients with standard operation. The 10-year cum-survival rate were 67.8% in patients with recurrence and 92.9% in patients with non-recurrence in primary site respectively. Statistical analysis showed that the cancer recurrence influences the survival rate significantly(P<0.01). Conclusions In consideration of the higher residual tumor rate in patients who received nonstandard operations, the re-operations were necessary. But the re-operation could also leads to higher recurrence rate and more functional injuries. The standardized primary operation should therefore be formulated and advocated.